I am sure you are aware of how to write a summary, in-text citations, and preference. I do not doubt your abilitiesIt’sjust my professor whohappens to be intricate whenit comes to followingher direction. Please follow the “exam rubric” and the “English exam documents”thank you for your patience and cooperation.
PowerPoint Presentation Paraphrasing, Summarizing and Quoting The Canadian Writer’s World Note Taking: It’s important to take notes of what you’ve read. If you understand the main idea and the supporting details, then it will be easier to paraphrase or summarize the information into your writing. By taking these steps, you eliminate the probability of plagiarizing. Avoiding Plagiarism 1. You don’t need to cite common knowledge. The Earth is round. 2. Any text taken from a source must be cited. 3. Even if you state the information in your own words, fact, opinions, or ideas taken from a source must be cited 4. Fact, ideas or opinions that you recall hearing must be cited. If you can not find the source, you can not use the information. 5. If you aren’t sure if something needs to be cited, it’s better to cite it than not to. When you paraphrase, keep length and order the same, but you use your own words. You do not include your thoughts and/or opinion. Paraphrasing How to Paraphrase • Read the original text and underline key ideas • Use your own words to restate the key ideas • Use approximately the same number of words as the original text • To prevent copying the text, place the original text in another location • Do not change the meaning of the original text • Do not put in your own opinions • Document the source (author and title of original text) • Reread your paraphrase Summarizing A summary is shorter than a paraphrase. It provides the most important ideas in your own words. Your thoughts and opinion must not be included in the summary. Read, reread and read again. Be sure to understand it. Highlight key information: title, subtitles, main points. Review the introduction and the conclusion. These sections often summarize the information. In your own words write the main idea and supporting points. Don’t include dates, stats or other numbers. In your summary draft, begin with the title of the article, the author’s name and the thesis. The main points follow with the support provided in the article. If you’ve read and understood the article, it should be easy for you to remember the points and state them in your own words. Read and edit your first draft. Have someone read your summary and provide feedback on its clarity. Do not forget to cite your source. Errors students make when summarizing: • Copy verbatim • Write excessively short summaries missing key information • Lengthy –giving too much information • Don’t cite the source Important Skills Developed When Summarizing • Reading skills (main ideas) • Vocabulary skills (alter vocabulary and grammar) • Critical thinking skills (main ideas) • Writing and editing skills (draft and edit summary) How to Summarize • Read the original text • Ensure you understand the main points • Ask yourself who, what, when, where, why, and how questions • Restate the essential ideas in your own ideas • Keep the original meaning • Do not include your own opinions • Document the source (author and title of original text) • Reread your summary • An effective way to support your position • Limit the number of quotes used in paper • Use a variety of direct and indirect quotes Quoting Direct Quotations • Contains the exact words of an author • ”Who did this?” my mom shrieked, as my sister and I stood frozen with fear. • “Jane did it,“ I assured her shamelessly as I pointed my finger at my quivering sister. Indirect Quotations • Is not in quotations • Keeps the author’s meaning As Jane and I stood frozen with fear, our shrieking mother asked who did it. I assured her shamelessly that Jane did it, as my finger pointed at my quivering sister. Direct Indirect • ”Who did this?” my mom shrieked, as my sister and I stood frozen with fear. • “Jane did it,“ I assured her shamelessly as I pointed my finger at my quivering sister. As Jane and I stood frozen with fear, our shrieking mother asked who did it. I assured her shamelessly that Jane did it, as my finger pointed at my quivering sister. Block Quotations: This format is used when the information that is being quoted is more than 40 words or 4 lines. Introduce the quote and then on a new line indent 10 spaces or 2.5 cm from the the left margin. All quoted lines must be indented. Refer to example on p. 124 Spot Quotations: A spot quotation is a word or a phrase placed within your sentence that indicates these words are not yours. You place quotation marks before and after the word(s). Refer to example on p. 125 If you leave out a word or words from a quote, you indicate this omission with three dots called ellipses (…). If you add or change within the quote, you place square brackets around your words. Integrating quotes into your writing 1. According to Dr. Brown, 2. A complete sentence followed by a colon. 3. Do not use any punctuation to introduce anything less than a sentence ( a few words or a phrase). 4.Use a comma to separate your words from the source’s words. Refer to p. 125-127 Slide 1 Slide 2 Slide 3 Slide 4 How to Paraphrase Slide 6 Slide 7 Slide 8 Slide 9 Slide 10 Errors students make when summarizing: Important Skills Developed When Summarizing How to Summarize Slide 14 Direct Quotations Indirect Quotations Direct Indirect Slide 18 Slide 19 Slide 20 Slide 21