I am attaching the book for the assignment.Write a 900-1000 word (3 full pages double-spaced) analytical essay addressing the questions below. (See your syllabus for other format requirements for written work) You must cite examples from the readings to support general statements, ideas, or claims. Be sure to cite all information, ideas, and concepts that are not your own. You may use parenthetical citations within your essay (MLA format). Example: (Ruiz, 2008, p. 34). Citations go at the end of a sentence or paragraph. Proofread to check your spelling, grammar, sentence structure and sentence construction
Questions for essay :- What is the author’s argument or central thesis?
- What issues does the author raise and what themes emerge about Mexican American women?
- What are the author's most important points about Mexican women and their contributions to their families and communities and the betterment of conditions for Mexican-origin people? List at least three examples of the activities, events and issues - -Mexican American/Chicana women engaged in to improve their communities.
- Explain how this book provides a better understanding of the role and experiences of Mexican American/Chicana women in their communities and larger society
-Comment on what you learned from this book. Do you relate to any of the topics, issues, or events discussed by Ruiz? Would you recommend this book? Why or why not?
From Out of the Shadows From Out of the Shadows MEXICAN WOMEN IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY AMERICA Tenth Anniversary Edition Vicki L. Ruiz OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 1998, 2008 by Vicki L. Ruiz First published by Oxford University Press, Inc., 1998 First issued as an Oxford University Press paperback, 1999 Tenth anniversary edition published by Oxford University Press, 2008 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 www. oup. com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ruiz, Vicki. From out of the shadows: Mexican women in twentieth-century America / Vicki L. Ruiz. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-537478-0 (cloth) 978-0-19-537477-3 (pbk.) 1. Mexican American women—History—20th century. 2. Mexican American women—Social conditions. I. Title E184.M5R86 1997 305.48'86872073—dc21 97-9387 Permission credits: Sections of Chapter 2 were published as "Dead Ends or Gold Mines: Using Missionary Records in Mexican American Women's History, " Frontiers 12:1 (1991): 35-56. An earlier draft of Chapter 3 was published as "The Flapper and the Chaperone: Historical Memory Among Mexican American Women" in Seeking Common Ground: A Multidisciplinary Reader on Immigrant Women in the United States, ed. Donna Gabaccia (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1992), pp. 141-157. "University Avenue" by Pat Mora is reprinted with permission from the publisher of Borders (Houston: Arte Piiblico Press, 1986). 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper www.oup.com FOR THE STORYTELLERS WHO GAVE ME HISTORY LESSONS AT HOME In memory of my grandmother Maria de las Nieves Moya de Ruiz (1880-1971) and to my mother Erminia Pablita Ruiz Mercer (1921-2001) This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments vii Introduction yd 1. Border Journeys 3 2. Confronting "America" 33 3. The Flapper and the Chaperone 51 4. With Pickets, Baskets, and Ballots 72 5. La Nueva Chicana: Women and the Movement 99 6. Claiming Public Space 127 Epilogue 147 Afterword 152 Appendix 166 Notes 171 Bibliography 227 Index 249 This page intentionally left blank Ac knowledgments 1 HIS book would not be possible without the voices of the indi- viduals who have shaped this narrative, as historical actors, as scholars, and as friends. First, I would like to thank the following people who shared with me their memories: Eusebia Buriel, Ray Buriel, Elsa Chavez, Carmen Bernal Escobar, Alma Araiza Garcia, Fernando Garcia, Martha Gonzalez, Dorothy Ray Healey, Lucy Lucero, Ernest Moreno, Graciela Martinez Moreno, the late Luisa Moreno, Julia Luna Mount, Concha Ortiz y Pino de Kleven, Maria del Carmen Romero, my mother Erminia Pablita Ruiz Mercer, and Jesusita Torres. I thank my former students Carolyn Arredondo, Je- susita Ponce, Lydia Linares Peake, and David Ybarra for giving me permission to cite their oral interviews. With generosity and en- couragement, Sherna Berger Gluck has allowed me to quote from several volumes of the Rosie the Riveter Revisited oral history col- lection housed at California State University, Long Beach. During my ten years of wandering in and out of archives, staff members have been extraordinarily helpful and I express a deep ap- preciation to Christine Marin, Special Collections, Arizona State University; Rose Diaz and Tom Jaehn, Special Collections, Zim- merman Library, University of New Mexico; Katherine Kane and Anne Bonds, Colorado Historical Society; Kate Adams, Barker His- tory Center and Margo Gutierrez, Benson Library, University of Texas, Austin; and Maria E. Flores, Our Lady of the Lake College, -^Jviii^ Acknowledgments San Antonio. I also thank the helpful staff at the Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley; Special Collections, University of California, Los Angeles; Southern California Library for Social Studies and Research (especially Sarah Cooper); Coleccion Tloque Nahuaque, Chicano Studies Library, University of California, Santa Barbara; Western History Department, Denver Public Li- brary; Houchen Community Center, El Paso; Daughters of the Re- public of Texas Library at the Alamo; Labor Archives, University of Texas, Arlington; DeGroyler Library, Southern Methodist Univer- sity; University Archives, New Mexico State University; and the Arizona Historical Society Library, Tucson. A debt of gratitude goes out to Victor Becerra, Ernie Chavez, Tom Jaehn, Valerie Matsumoto, Lara Medina, Beatriz Pesquera, Denise Segura, Howard Shorr, and Devra Weber for taking time out of their own busy schedules to share with me photographs, newspaper clippings, and primary materials. Thank you more than words can convey. I also acknowledge friends and colleagues who sent me their published and unpublished papers, works that have unquestionably enriched this manuscript: GabrielaArredondo, Ray Buriel, Gilbert Cadena, Roberto Calderon, Angel Cervantes, Ernie Chavez, Marisela Chavez, Kenton Clyrner, Virginia Espino, Jeff Garcflazo, Ramon Gutierrez, Tom Jaehn, Anne Larson, Margo McBane, Jesus Malaret, Valerie Matsumoto, Lara Medina, Cynthia Orozco, Naomi Quinonez, Ada Sosa Riddell, Margaret Rose, George Sanchez, Marjorie Sanchez-Walker, Denise Segura, Maria Soldatenko, Richard Street, Quintard Taylor, and Zaragosa Vargas. I have been blessed with the privilege of working with a num- ber of highly motivated and talented graduate students, people who will definitely make a difference in our profession. The UC Davis cohort includes James Brooks, Kevin Leonard, Jennifer Levine, Matthew Lasar, Jesus Franscisco Malaret and of course, the "Sis- terhood"—Kathleen Cairns, Annette Reed Crum, Margaret Jacobs, Olivia Martinez-Krippner, Alicia Rodriquez-Estrada, and Yolanda Calderon Wallace. The Claremont crew wants to set the world on fire: Frank Barajas, Virginia Espino, Matthew Garcia, Timothy Hodgdon, Alice Horn, Peg Lamphier, Matthew Lasar, Lara Medina, Marian Perales, Naomi Quinonez, Alicia Rodriquez-Estrada, Ar- lene Sanchez-Walsh, Emilie Stoltzfus, Mary Ann Villarreal, and Antonia Villasenor are comitted to the bridging of the academy and the community. I have also enjoyed my many conversations with Pat Ash, Philip Castruita, Antonia Garcia, Lee Ann Meyer, Kat Norman, and Amanda Perez. A special thanks is reserved for Acknowledgments •$ ix $*• Marisela Chavez, Virginia Espino, Timothy Hodgdon, Peg Lam- phier, Laura Munoz and Mary Ann Villarreal, my current graduate students who migrated with me to the "dry heat" of Arizona and to the daughters of the desert, Luisa Bonillas, Rose Diaz, Christine Marin, and Jean Reynolds, who have made us all feel so welcome. Institutional support for this manuscript has come from many sources. An American Council for Learned Societies Fellowship proved crucial in the early phases of this project. A UC Davis Hu- manities Fellowship and a faculty development award allowed me to take a one-year sabbatical from the classroom. In addition, re- search funds associated with the Mellon Humanities chair that I held for three years at The Claremont Graduate School along with a summer research grant and a Haynes Fellowship provided funds to complete the archival research and transcribe interviews. I wrote the last chapters at Arizona State University where I recieved a one semester sabbatical. At UC Davis, my undergraduate assistants (both are now attor- neys) Amagda Perez and Viola Romero were conscientious to a fault. Thanks also to Ada Arensdorf, Jaime Ruiz and Eve Carr. The meticulous efforts of Timothy Hodgdon and Matthew Lasar proved invaluable in preparing the manuscript for publication. Mis com- paneras/os Angie Chabram-Dernesesian, Ed Escobar, Estelle Freedman, Gayle Gullett, Gail Martinez, Valerie Matsumoto, Beat- riz Pesquera, Mary Rothschild, Raquel Salgado Scherr, Howard Shorr, Susan Tiano, and Clarence Walker helped me regain my fo- cus during a very difficult time in my life. At various stages, several individuals offered inspiration and constructive criticism. I would like to thank Ram6n Gutierrez, George Lipsitz, Betita Martinez, Valerie Matsumoto, and Howard Shorr for their careful readings of one or more chapters. The ASU Women's History Reading Group, particularly Michelle Curran, Susan Gray, Gayle Gullett, Mary Melcher, and Sybil Thornton, provided support and insight. Peggy Pascoe and Sarah Deutsch read the entire manuscript and their comments (and Peggy's line editing) substantially strengthened the narrative as a whole. Peggy y Sally—gracias por todo. I have felt privileged to work with Sheldon Meyer, a steadfast advocate and extraordinary editor. I also acknowledge the careful attention paid to this manuscript by Brandon Trissler and Helen Mules. Their professionalism and enthusiasm eased this overpro- tective author. Rosemary Wellner, too, deserves thanks for her skills as a copy editor. $ X & Acknowledgments To my knowledge, there are only seventeen Chicanas with PhDs in history. I am number four. Often we labor alone, subject to "proving" our research and our very presence in the academy. I would like to acknowledge the labors of Louise Kerr, Raquel Casas, Antonia Castaneda, Miroslava Chavez, Deena Gonzalez, Camille Guerin Gonzales, Lara Medina, Gloria Miranda, Maria Montoya, Lorena Oropeza, Cynthia Orozco, Emma Perez, Naomi Quinonez, Yolanda Romero, Elizabeth Salas, and Shirlene Soto and to honor the legacies of the late Irene Ledesma and Magdalena Mora. There are no words to describe the appreciation and love I have for the wonderful men who have graced my life. When I completed Cannery Women, Cannery Lives, my sons Miguel and Danny were six and three. In ten years, Miguel has gone from decorating the door with crayons to enjoying new challenges with a driver's license and Danny's taste in television has changed from Sesame Street to MTV. I value their patience and resilience in the midst of our sev- eral moves. They have borne their absentminded mother with good humor and much love. My father Robert Mercer passed away into the next life on November 14, 1995, after a long illness, but I feel his presence and independent spirit. A man of honor, gentle strength, with a great capacity for love, Victor Becerra, my hus- band, changed my life. Victor has contributed in many ways to the shaping of this work. Listening to scattered passages, reading pre- liminary drafts, and offering well-placed suggestions, he reminds me to write from