Extracted text: HW2 A vertical concrete pipe of length L = 1.0 m, outside diameter dout = 15 cm, inside diameter din = 10 cm is compressed by an axial force F = 1.2 kN as shown in Figure 4.5. Assuming the modulus of elasticity of concrete to be E = 25 GPa and Poisson's ratio as v = 0.18, determine: (a) the shortening in the pipe length (b) the lateral strain «y (c) The increase in the outer and inner diameters Ddout and Ddin (d) The increase in the pipe wall thickness Dt (e) The percentage change in the volume of the tube (DV / V) 100. 1.2 KN 1.0 m 15 cm 10 cm