Answer To: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j...
Sanjukta answered on Dec 08 2021
Running Head: Parole process 1
Parole process 14
PAROLE PROCESS AND SUPERVISION
Introduction
This particular research paper will be based on the central topic that is “parole process and supervision”. Probation and also parole agencies tend to share one of the main functions they tend to provide supervision of offenders in the entire community. Parole can be regarded as conditional freedom for a prison inmate. Moreover, the prison authority mainly supervises the parolee via mandatory visits with a parole officer. However, the state parole services may provide transitional services that are completely tailored for the needs of the parolee for instance shelter in an intensive mental consulting as well as halfway house.
Main body
Parole process (overview)
The US consists of the third-largest population in the universe, along with it the largest prison population in the world. However, so it becomes an absolute necessity for this country to have a strong parole system. Parole and probation are the major elements of the correction systems. It is decided by the correction system whether a convicted individual will be on probation or released from prison. If the offender moves back into society or if it is possible for having their parole revoked and stay in the prison till they have the authority of applying for parole again or finish their sentence. These are some of the components that help ex-offenders and society for collaborating without any problems. Furthermore, the corrections system also provides an offender with the opportunity in terms of applying for parole. Probation takes place after parole and it is there for the offenders so that they can get help and establish themselves in society by setting an example.
Parole is mainly associated with releasing a prisoner and it can be for a special purpose, temporarily or completely before a sentence is expired, simply on the promise of good behavior this type of promise is regarded as a word of honor that is provided in the parole order. When a court mainly imposes an imprisonment sentence with a non-parole period, then the prisoner will become eligible for parole from the date that given by the court. Prisoners must always consider their earliest eligibility date concerning parole that is provided by the court like a guide. It will be the sole decision of the Board if the prisoner will be released on parole when it has received all of the proper information. The procedure for the Board in terms of determining whether the prisoner will be granted parole starts up to a year before the earliest eligibility date of the prisoners, as well as up to a few years before serving prisoners a sentence in terms of more than 10 years approximately (Fink, 1951).
However, there are a lot of organisations that are involved in this parole process. Their role revolves around making some decisions for denying, granting revoking, or canceling the parole of the prisoner as well as what conditions to vary or impose. It can be stated that as per this source it has been highlighted that American parole boards have played one of the most important roles concerning the administration and formulation in terms of the prison policies of the state in recent times along with it could also play an equally vital part for helping to end mass imprisonment. Arguably, authors of this journal have also highlighted that a plan for revalidation in terms of parole release must lay out an aspirational and significant model for the future. The model must address the parole board’s institutional structure, the use of risk assessments in the decision-making procedure, some decision-making tools like the guidelines of the parole release, the rights of the victims for the parole hearings, parole condition’s intensity as well as the parole supervision’s length (Matz, 2016).
Police probation is not new still the majority of partnerships tend to remain informal endeavors. Still, in recent times, with the availability of federal funding, it became quite formalised and official, until funding was wanted in a company with an economy in the mid to late 2000s. Policing is more or less connected to the parole functions and probation’s development as it is observed in recent times. It is needless to say that there are some of the most significant alterations in the goals and ideologies of policing over time that has shifted policing away from working with the communities in which they tend to patrol as well. It is showcased by history that there are a lot of issues that are faced by parole and probation have remained the same, with the partnerships yet one of the ways for significantly overcoming their disadvantages, mainly understaffed departments and also a lot of caseloads (McHugh, 1950).
Parole in America was born a long time ago in light of the law which established the New York State Reformatory for the men at Elmira. For more than half a century there was the aim, and all of the experiments fumbled which also followed its inception produced little more when contrasted with the inconclusive outcomes as well as proper criticism regarding the inadequacy. Few people at that time were questioned in terms of the parole theory’s soundness but all who were concerned with its development questioned the application. However, from the past two decades, the ideal of casework or individual treatment for the offenders has been highly accepted in practice and theory by a lot of parole agencies. The acceptance and also coming to light concerning the casework method in terms of dealing with released criminals has been one of the greatest developments in parole’s history (Beames, 1965)
Challenges in the parole supervision
As the parole officers are directly responsible for protecting welfare as well as the safety of the community. It is needless to say that undertaking some of these obligations, the community parole officers tends to face a lot of operational and legal impediments. The authors of this article suggested that the parolee’s surveillance is quite demanding on the parole officers as they are facing a lot of challenges for instance, in developing the surveillance case plan for monitoring the parolees. On the contrary, there is the heaviest workload that tends to also hamper their ability for performing their two roles in the rehabilitation and surveillance of the parolees concerning the community. The following are some of the major issues in the parole officer’s way of monitoring the parolees (Gleicher et al., 2013). Firstly, the issues take place in developing and preparing the case plans for the surveillance and rehabilitation concerning the parolees for determining the supervision’s level for them.
Therefore, the case plan tends to define the nature of rehabilitation and surveillance’s frequency consisting of the face-to-face contact along with it visiting places of workplaces and also residence. Preparing proper case plans for the parolees, with the appropriate rehabilitation and surveillance that can be properly developed by trained employees is one of the most significant challenges. Secondly, another major challenge is related to the adoption of evidence-based and scientific practices and programs. It is suggested by the literature also that the parole officers must adopt as well as incorporate scientific and evidence-based programs also practices. With appropriate assessments based on parole officers, scientific tools, could implement and focus on the parolees, a balanced and proper supervision case plan that will be driving the goals of parolees for addressing their risks for re-offending when under supervision. Despite adopting this kind of scientifically-based model, the issues for the parole officers are continuous. It is argued by some of the researchers that there is a dilemma for people officers for addressing the parolee’s needs as well as engaging with the assessment tools, which also requires adopting both of the principles of criminogenic needs and also dynamic risk factors.
Parole involves a significant amount of risk that a parolee might become an offender. Furthermore, there is...