h.pdf 3/6 Executive surr Shares of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, regional/subregional averages, 2007-2010 FIG. 3: Africa and the Middle East 79% 21% Western and Central...

Cite two reasons why the graph of figure 3 is important for understanding the issue of trafficking in persons

Extracted text: h.pdf 3/6 Executive surr Shares of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, regional/subregional averages, 2007-2010 FIG. 3: Africa and the Middle East 79% 21% Western and Central Europe 77% 23% Global 67% 33% South Asia, East Asia and the 59% 41% Pacific Americas 58% 42% East Europe and Central Asia 23% 77% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% IShare of males convicted Share of females convicted Source: UNODC elaboration of national data. the participation of women is higher for this crime than for most other crimes. Most countries report overall female offending rates below 15 per cent of the total for all crimes, with an average of some 12 per cent; while 30 per cent of trafficking in persons prosecutions and convictions are of women offenders. Statistical analyses show that the involvement of women in trafficking is more frequent in the trafficking of girls. Qualicative studies suggest that women involved in human trafficking are normally found in low-ranking positions of the trafficking networks and carry out duties that are more exposed to the risk of detec- tion and prosecution than those of male traffickers. There are large differences berween regions and subre- gions. Compared with the rest of the world, countries in Europe and the Middle East report more foreign nationals among the detected offenders. Countries within the same region may also register differences according to the role of the country in the trafficking flow, as destination coun- cries generally report a larger share of foreign nationals among the persons convicted of trafficking in persons than Suoure do source countries. Forms of exploitation There are clear regional and subregional differences regarding the involvement of women in trafficking in per- sons. In Eastern Europe and Central Asia, more than three fourchs of those convicted of crafficking in persons offences are women. Although female conviction rates are also relatively high in Asia (although well below 50 per Among the regions considered in this report, Africa and the Middle East, as well as South and East Asia and the Pacific, detect more cases of forced labour compared to other forms of exploitation. More cases of sexual exploita- ion than forced labour were detecred in the Americas and Europe and Central Asia. Among all decected cases world- wide, trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation is more