How much and to what extent immigrants help in improving employment and the economy of Australia? Preliminary literature review
The financial impact of immigration flows into all aspects of the financial system. It not just has profound positive impacts on population development; however also has a profound positive impact on labor employment and participation, income and wages, national skill based or net productivity (Almosova, 2014). According to three "P" – productivity, participation as well as population – the migration is an important feature. In the deficiency of an immigration plan, the Australian population will reach 24 million in 2050; according to the plan, we expect the population to reach 38 million by 2050. This population growth itself increases economic returns, but the interaction between immigration and our financial indicators are complex moreover returns far away from the advantages of the simple development of population (Bar-Massada, 2015).
In the next 35 years, immigrants will promote employment development. Since immigrants are concentrating on the main working age groups moreover have a higher level of education, they also have a very positive impact on employment rates. By 2050, the employment growth rate of 45.2% exceeded a growth of population by 38.1%. In addition, immigration will make sure that Australia remains an extremely skilled country because it will result in a 60.4% rise in university education population (Forsyth, 2018).
Immigrants have a complex effect on labor productivity and productivity is improved because high-level education is to increase productivity through high personal productivity and research and development. On the other hand, using a large workforce with mineral wealth and a definite notification of natural resources, including land, can reduce productivity. However, employment growth can easily exceed the loss of productivity, so by 2050, immigrants will increase per capita GDP by 5.9% (Gatina, 2016). This increase in per capita GDP will result in a greater increase in the standard of living. As government revenues increase with employment growth, rising living standards drive further benefits of the budget bottom line, and any development in administration spending is restricted by the impact of population development. In fact, immigrants save money for transfer payments, education, or government network infrastructures spending.
The students who migrated initially were paying full expenditures for Australia's education on Australia's visas, saving Government spending compared to the subsidies given to Australian born people. In addition, the elderly people are underwritten by immigration, so immigration can only increase government payments in a limited way. Eventually, due to fixed costs, the per-capita spending on the government network is declining because migrants have increased their population. On the whole, the increase in per capita GDP combined with the net financial benefits of immigrants led to an increase in household consumption. Compared with Australian-born residents, immigrants provide a greater impetus to the economy than population growth. Significantly, these premiums are shared with the Australian resident (Inghammar, 2010).
As the bottom line of the budget improves, the own income tax rate may decrease, which in turn will support higher household consumption. Australia's immigration policy framework includes immigration plans, temporary entry visas or humanitarian programs. The placement of sites for each stream within the framework forms the number and type of immigrants attracted and received in Australia. In the impact analysis of the Australian Immigration Plan, some considerations and factors need to be considered in simple ideas - Fully scalable economics and immigrants have the same characteristics as the current Australian population - migrants do not affect the lives of people (Law, 2011). Instead, immigrants only increase the size of the Australian economy, which is in the proportion of population growth, because of immigration. However, immigration is a complex process and various factors affect both the economy and the labor market. Scale Effect - Increase population - and the difference between new migrations and the current population, as well as the ratio of the network infrastructure to the economy, the ratio of fixed factors to economic, the impact of trade conditions and endogenous growth. A standard competitive labor market indicates that migrants should have negative consequences for labor. Moving the flow wages to migrants coming down, the supply curve moved right (McCarthy, 2011). However, this simple theoretical model does not take care of various other financial activities which can offset negative wage results. Immigrants have a complex effect on labor productivity, but their overall impact on growth is decisive and convincing. Using this model to emulate the 2050 immigration program's financial impact, you can predict that immigration will increase the economy by 40%. In dollar terms, immigrants will contribute $ 1.6 trillion to the Australian economy (Persian, 2015). Everywhere, these two figures underscore the importance of immigration for Australia's future prosperity. The effect of migrations on productivity is complicated. On one hand, productivity improved because migrants are focused on the main working age and they are relatively educated. In addition, they are more likely to be involved in working people and personal productivity is high. In modelling, it has also been consider contributions from immigrants to general productivity through research and development. One probability is this influx of immigrants is a part of the shift in overall economic demand. The shift in demand will have the effects of raising gross or may dominate supply diversion, leading to an increase in wages for every one Another possibility is that immigrant can fill a role that could not be filled (such as miners, nurses, as well as fruit pickers), furthermore the presence of this employees actually increases the productivity (furthermore wages) of existing workers in a related work. When determining the overall impact of immigration on wages across the economy, capital supply, the characteristics and technical structure of these new workers will be crucial (Prokopovych & Feys, 2016).
For a country that is primarily based on new immigrants, this is a question of guaranteeing intense and sometimes vicious debates. Until 80 years ago, direct distrust, as well as opposition to any "foreign" things, was parts of the community structure and at one stage through the White Australia policy was reflected in the political system. Then, the post-war migration boom saw emission of the European refugees fleeing their war-torn homes and seeking a better life. These newcomers have forever changed Australia, and in most cases have become better, because have the influx of the Asian immigrants who fled the conflict in the 1980s. Nevertheless, even though leaders also claim that are they are at a tolerant mob that embraces cultural diversity, the deep-rooted mistrust of Australian veterans has never really disappeared, as evidenced by the hostility to newcomers in the Middle East. Such intense passion, whether it is about the environmental sensitivity of the African continent or the impact on the economy, is almost impossible to reasonably debate the level of immigration. People who raise legitimate concerns are often accused of racism (Robinson & Wang, 2018). This is understandable because environmental protection, as well as the financial system, has become a more convenient smokescreen for those who are deeply biased. Australia's population will reach 38 million by 2050 and by 2055 it is likely to reach 40.1 million. Migrants who influence Australia's population growth rates are the two main demographic factors. Another thing is that the existing population has increased. This is a combination of fertility and life or more birth-soil deaths. Even though immigration trends can be rapidly shaped and developed the guideline, it is difficult to adjust fertility and mortality rates. For example, fertility rates have increased compared to Millennium; It has done so gradually over the years. This is expected to increase the number of births and the number of deaths is higher than migration patterns (Robinson & Wang, 2018).
The organization of the project Data Collection
Secondary data should be collected from web site like as Australian Bureau of Statistics with good impact factors. Secondary information is available from the other Australian public service, Australian Government productivity commission as well as may have also been used in the next study, which would make it easier to do further research. Save time or cost: data will also be collected from anyone other than researchers. Supplemental information may be obtained from the other sources; however, it does not have a particular collection way. The Qualitative data may be obtained through the diaries, newsletters, transcriptions, interviews, etc., through quantitative information surveys, economic and statistical information (Robinson, Tsiaplias & Nguyen, 2015).
Data Analysis
Collect, review data from a variety of sources, and then analyze to form a finding or conclusion. There are the different specific information analysis ways, some of which included information mining, company intelligence, text analysis, as well as data visualizations. To analyze qualitative data, the concepts in the literature will be used to help determine the source of the results and will examine relationships depends on the answer to online surveys and forums (Tang, Rowe, Corcoran & Sigler, 2014).
Feasibility of the project
The study of all the above methods will be studied to find the right solution to the problem that has been identified in the problem feedback. By delving deeper into literary reviews and responses through survey and questionnaire, data will be organized first to reach relevant results; data will be grouped according to various factors and categories, and will then be analyzed and presented (Lim, Chua & Nguyen, 2013).
Gantt chart
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Task Name
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Duration (Days)
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Project Proposal
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11/07/2018
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20/07/2018
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10
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Literature Review
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16/07/2018
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24/07/2018
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8
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Data Collection
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25/07/2018
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7/08/2018
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13
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Data Analysis
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8/08/2018
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16/08/2018
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8
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Final Report Submission
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16/08/2018
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21/08/2018
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6
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