How important was the EU’s directive eliminating national telecommunications monopolies by 1998 in shaping Telefónica’s strategy? What would the company look like today if Spain were not a member of...

How important was the EU’s directive eliminating national telecommunications monopolies by 1998 in shaping Telefónica’s strategy? What would the company look like today if Spain were not a member of the European Union? Considering Telefónica’s large and persistent share of the Spanish telecommunications market, how successful has the EU’s directive been in promoting competition within the European telecommunication industry?