How can the results from this study be appropriately applied to everyday life? Group of answer choices 1. Direct support professionals who smoke are not likely to influence the smoking behaviors of...

Extracted text: The majority of DSPS (63.6%, n=252) and peopie with DD (92.2%, n=355) were reported as being never smokers. Twenty three and a half percent (n= 93) of DSPS and 1.5% (n=6) of people with DD were reported as being former smokers. Approximately 13% (n=51) of DSPS and 6.2% (n=24) of people with DD were reported as being current smokers. For the purpose of this analysis, former/never smokers were grouped together and compared to current smokers because the primary aim of this study was to assess the relationship between current smoking behaviors due to the construct of role-modeling. There was no significant difference (t=–1.8, p=0.076) between the ages of current smokers (41.3 SD=11.3) and never/former smokers (35.8 SD= 14.5) with DD nor among DSPS (t=0.553, p=0.312) who were current smokers (42.12 SD=11.8) and never/former smokers (43.16 SD= 12.8). Current smokers with DD were significantly more likely to live alone than non-smokers (xỉ = 20.0, p = 0.00), with 58.3% (n =14) of current smokers living alone. Among current smokers with DD, significantly more (t=6.78, p=0.00) were males (66.7%, n=1 | = 16) than females (33.3%, n =8). There was no association between the current smoking status (current smoker vs. never/former smoker) of DSPS and people with DD (xi = 0.300, p=0.584). Among DSPS who reported being current smokers, the majority (53.8%, n= 28) reported smoking outside of the home during their shift, while less than half (44.2%, n=23) reported not smoking at all during their shift and only one reported smoking inside the home. There was no significant association between DSPS smoking during their work


Extracted text: A B S TR A C T Background: People with developmental disabilities are not immune from the addictive effects and poor health outcomes associated with cigarette use. Direct support professionals often play a large role in the social environments of people with developmental disabilities and the literature suggests that one's environment can influence behavior. Objectives: To examine the relationship between the smoking behaviors of people with developmental disabilities and their direct support professional providers. Two exploratory aims of the study were to assess how direct support professionals facilitate smoking behaviors and to describe the use of home smoking policies. Methods: The Ohio Department of Disabilities' online provider search database was used to randomly select participants. A total of 398 direct support professionals completed an online survey about smoking. Direct support professionals served as proxy reporters for the smoking behaviors of those with developmental disabilities. Descriptive statistics were calculated and Chi–Square tests were used. Results: Findings suggest that there was no significant relationship (xỉ = 0.300, p=0.584) between the current smoking behaviors of people with developmental disabilities and their direct support providers. Direct support professionals were most likely to facilitate smoking behaviors by allowing people with developmental disabilities to smoke in front of them and waiting for them to finish smoking before moving on to a new activity. Approximately 46% of people with developmental disabilities were reported to have some type of home smoking policy. Conclusions: Future research is needed to better understand the reasons why people with developmental disabilities initially start smoking and continue to smoke. O 2018 Flsevier Inc All rights reserved