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HOME ABOUT KEY FEATURES OCR WEB SERVICE BONUS PROGRAM FAQ PDF TO WORD PDF TO EXCEL PDF TO DOC  LOGIN SIGN UP      FREE ONLINE OCR SERVICE    Use Optical Character Recognition software online. Service supports  46 languages including Chinese, Japanese and Korean      CONVERT SCANNED PDF TO WORD    Extract text from PDF and images (JPG, BMP, TIFF, GIF) and convert into editable  Word, Excel and Text output formats          1 STEP - Upload file 2 STEP - Select language and output format 3 STEP - Convert  Select file...    ENGLISH    Microsoft Word (docx)  346267_1_statistics-sept-2013.pdf          cc-jo c?, ()  SECTION 2: SHORT QUESTIONS - STATISTICS  Answer either Question 2.1 or Question 2.2  tcst tA..0,13    2.1 A randomised controlled trial (RCT) is being conducted to find out whether palliative " care improves the mental health of people with advanced HIV. The study also efrioi, easures age group, gender, time since HIV diagnosis, presence of physical,-- C9‘1/4- ms and pain, a socio-economic status. Mental health is measured from o CoAP--rc.s& 100, and decimals ar possible (e.g. 55.7). Symptoms and pain are recorded from 0=none to 5=overw !ming, using whole numbers only. cc2J-cpcykr-a_ What is the primary outcome of the study?  ii. What kind of variable is the primary outcome?  Name:    • An independent (or exposure) binary variable At„ e Du- t • An independent ordered categorical (or ordinal) CiarNbl • An independent continuous variable k -,3\__.1 Cr-k-UL ti-kr clitr*"0 I vo iv. What are the secondary outcomes and what kind of variables arlethey? (3 marks) _ RN( At ceo f 1 - , , . e The RCT wacluder120de41.Aftel3r 0 wire re in alysts was carried out. Here are the results using symptom score:  (1 mark)  (1 mark)  (1. mark) (1 mark) (1 mark)  Table 1: symptom score summary data by study arm  Intervention group Control group Minimum 0 0 Maximum 5 4 Median 3 2 Inter-quartile range 2-4 1.5-3  v. Draw box and whisker plots of the data in Table 1  vi. Do you think the symptoms in the two groups are different? Explain your reasoning.  vii. What statistical test would you use to look for a difference between the groups?  (3 marks) (2 marks) (2 marks)  viii. Why would you use this test, and are there any disadvantages of using (3 marks) it?  3      Registration will give you access to additional features not available to guest users: convert multipage PDF (more 15 pages), large images and ZIP archives, choose recognition languages, convert into editable formats and other settings. SIGN UP            TERMS OF SERVICE/ PRIVACY POLICY/ CONTACT US  Copyright © 2009-2020 Online OCR Bookmark and Share  ENGLISH

David · Accepted Answer

Solution 2.1:
i) The primary outcome is the improvement in mental health- Wrong it is about estimation
This is correct according to me. 
ii) The variable is quantitative. He is asking primary outcome
It is not asking primary outcome again, it is asking type of variable. 
iii) An independent binary variable – gender
An independent ordered categorical variable – age group
An independent continuous variable – time since HIV diagnosis
iv) The secondary outcome includes the variables age group, gender, time since HIV diagnosis, presence of physical symptoms and pain and socio-economic status. Age group, gender, presence of physical symptoms and pain and socio-economic status are qualitative variable and time since HIV diagnosis is quantitative variable.
Partial Correct, Pls revisit
This is correct according to me. 
v) Box plot of intervention group
Box plot of control group
vi) The symptoms in the two groups appears to be different because the intervention group appears to be symmetrical whereas control group seems to be skewed.
Apply some test for conclusion with results 
It is asking for the reasoning and not to perform the test. 
vii) Paired t-test would be used to test the symptoms in two groups are difference because the groups are related.
viii) The groups are related or dependeent and the disadvanatges is that sample size for the two groups should be same and loss of the degrees of freedom. 
ix) The significance level of 0.05 means that the statistical probability of getting a result which is extreme as one that is actually observed.
x) The p-value of 0.12 is the probability of test statistic at least as extreme as the one which is actually observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true. Since the p-value is greater than 0.05, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. Hence, there is no difference between the intervention and control group. 
xi) The study might include early analysis like this to eliminate bias and confounding.   
Solution 2.2:

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