HOLMES INSTITUTE FACULTY OF HIGHER EDUCATION HI5020 Corporate Accounting Group Assignment T1 2020 Assessment Details and Submission Guidelines Trimester T1 2020 Unit Code HI5020 Unit Title Corporate...

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Answer To: HOLMES INSTITUTE FACULTY OF HIGHER EDUCATION HI5020 Corporate Accounting Group Assignment T1 2020...

Harshit answered on Jun 05 2021
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CORPORATE ACCOUNTING
ABSTRACT
This assignment focuses its objective on the proper understanding of the treatment of the tax in the books of accounts(BOA). The controversy of the treatment exists due to the presence of two different laws that is the corporations act used in the calculation of book profit and the income tax(IT) laws used in the preparation of the taxable earning. As two amounts are created and when the tax is calculated on both the amounts, it is different. The adjustment and the treatment of the same in the books is the main objective of this assignment. It also covers the conceptual explanat
ion of the various terms that are used in the annual report and the same has also been explained. The comparison of the tax amounts that have been mentioned in the annual report are different the reasons for such difference has been covered.
The company for which the above-mentioned assignment has been done is Brambles Limited which is an ASX listed company.
    Serial Number
    Contents
    Page Number
    1.
    Introduction
    1
    2.
    Concepts
    2-3
    3.
    Recognition Criteria
    4
    4.
    Amount of tax expense
    5
    5.
    Comparison of Accounting Income and Taxable Income
    6
    6.
    Reporting of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
    7
    7.
    Comparison Between Income Tax Payable and Income Tax Expenses
    8
    8.
    Income Tax Expense VS Income Tax Paid
    9
    9.
    Temporary Difference and Permanent Difference
    10
    10.
    Insights
    11
    11.
    Conclusion
    12
    12.
    References
    13
INTRODUCTION
Brambles Ltd was established in the year 1875 which is in the business of unit-load machines, crates, and containers. When it was founded, it was in the business of logistics but later it diversified in many other verticals of business such as pooling solutions and is now one of the top companies in the world in this industry. The company operates in more than 60 countries and employs more than 11,000 people globally. It has more than 750 service centers and owns more than 330 million pallets, containers, etc. The company had sales revenue of US $ 4595.3 million in the year 2019 when the underlying profit was US $ 803.7 million. The company generated a cash flow of US $ 431.8 million with 19.5% of ROCE(Return on capital employed).
CONCEPTS RELATED TO ACCOUNTS
ACCOUNTING PROFIT: The term accounting profit refers to the profit that is earned by an entity in a particular period of reporting and recorded in the financial statements of the company. This profit is calculated by using the accounting policies and different accounting frameworks. The accounting profit under the different frameworks may be different for a particular entity. The IFRS and US GAAP are the most popular accounting standards that are used to prepare a financial statement and calculate accounting profit (Badenhorst, W.M., and Ferreira, P.H., 2016). The various purposes for which accounting profit is used are for tax purposes, stock exchange requirements, annual board meetings, etc.
In the case of Brambles Limited, the accounting income that is the earnings before tax(EBT) for the year ended 30th June, 2019 is US $652.4.
In the case of Brambles Limited, the accounting income that is the earnings before tax(EBT) for the year ended 30th June, 2018 is US $675.3.
TAXABLE PROFIT: The term taxable income refers to profit on which income tax is calculated and which is required to be paid to the government. This profit is usually different from accounting profit and generally not shown in the financial statements. Taxable profit includes both earned and unearned income. The difference in both the profits may be for various reasons like the difference in depreciation rate for an asset in the books and as per income tax etc. various deductions under the Income Tax Act.
TEMPORARY DIFFERENCE: Temporary differences (also known as timing difference) refer to those differences which occur as a result of the difference in accounting as per the Company's Act (accounting profit) and Income Tax Act (taxable profit) which are eliminated or reversed shortly. The only consideration here is that it is recognized at different periods and this leads to the creation of Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Liabilities. One such example of the temporary difference is the different rate of depreciation under the Income Tax and Company Act for a given asset.
TAXABLE TEMPORARY DIFFERENCE: This term refers to the temporary difference which causes the taxable income for a given period to be lower than the accounting income. As a result, income tax payable in the current period is lower than the income tax expense on accounting profits. The difference between the income tax payable and income tax expenses as calculated on accounting profits gives rise to Deferred Tax Liabilities (Frey, L. and Engelhard, L., 2017). An example is the depreciation rate which is high in income tax and lower in books resulting in lower income tax in the current year.
DEDUCTIBLE TEMPORARY DIFFERENCE: This term refers to the temporary difference which causes the taxable income for a given period to be higher than the accounting income. As a result, income tax payable in the current period is higher than the income tax expense on accounting profits. The difference between the income tax payable and income tax expenses as calculated on accounting profits gives rise to Deferred Tax Assets (Yasseen, Y., Jansen, J. and Small, R., 2016). An example is the rent received in advance for which income tax in the current year will be higher.
DEFERRED TAX ASSET: These are items shown in the Balance Sheet of a company that helps in the reduction of income tax payable based on taxable profits. The reason for its occurrence is that higher income tax is paid on certain items and hence shown in the Financial Statement as an Asset. The carryforward of tax losses and difference rules as per tax and accounting are also the reasons of the Deferred Tax Asset (Laux, R.C., 2013).
The balance sheet(BS) of Brambles Limited as on 30th of June 2019 reported a total deferred tax asset (DTA) amounting to US $73.6 million which was at US $38.2 million in the financial year...
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