Answer To: Hi this is my assignmentof subject internet of thingsi choose my topic "IoT Health Care"kindly...
Ahmedali answered on Sep 27 2020
Paper Title (use style: paper title)
IOT in Healthcare
Opportunities for Better Healthcare
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Name
Organization
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email address
Name
Organization
City, Country
email address
Abstract—Internet of Things is a network of a large number of devices that can be connected to each other through internet. These devices can capture data to report status as well as can be controlled by the back end smart applications. IOT devices are the smart sending devices like RFID, GPS, and infrared. IN healthcare, these devices are used on humans to monitor their health conditions so that proactive steps can be taken for providing them best healthcare services. This report analysis different ways IOT is used in healthcare sector and explores possibilities to recommend
Keywords—IOT, Healthcare, Sensor Networks
I. Introduction
This research would explain IOT usage in healthcare and would analyse the development as well as application of the technology in the healthcare sector. IOT is used to connect doctors to patients and other services provided by the hospitals and doctors through the use of intelligence sensing devices that can be used and even embedded in their gadgets like mobile and other wearables. Use of IOT in healthcare has let to many advancements such that it is not just restricted by the normal internet connected devices used by patients but IOT can also be used to embed inside humans [1].
A. Background
IOT networks make use of standard protocols to connect different devices to the internet which enables them to collect on the objects connected as well as send command to objects for behaviour modification. A connection gets established between the IT infrastructure and the object connected which allows for machine to machine communication and remote monitoring of the object in the real time. There are a variety of different applications of IOT in healthcare such as smart healthcare systems, patient care systems, and surveillance systems [2].
B. Problem Statement
The population of the world living in urban areas is increasing gradually and it has been estimated that by the year 2025, over 70% of the people would be living in urban areas. This would push the need for increasing supply of infrastructure and services to accommodate them. A smart city would use technologies to enable interactive and competent services to be provided to residents. Modern wireless communication has given a new model of information management called IOT which can allow for connection between all the devices that are used around the world including mobile phones, actuators, sensors, and more [3].
With the use of these interconnections, efficiency of management of a city can be enhanced. A traditional process for managing city needs is collection of data and performing offline analysis that can reveal insights for decision making. However, data collection can be a costly deal. Also, this process would not allow municipalities to use rea time data for taking decisions which is the need of the time. With IOT based real time applications implemented in a city system, the city managers would be able to gather real time data and take better decisions [4].
II. Aims & Objectives
This research aims to explore the applications of IOT in healthcare and this aim can be achieved by satisfying the following research objectives:
1) Explore Healthcare application areas of IOT
2) Understand how IOT networks can help advance healthcare
3) Explore specific healthcare applications that use IOT for critical analysis
4) Make recommendations on the use of IOT for healthcare
III. Literature Review
IOT consists of a distributed system of devices that capture data in the real time through the use of sensors for communicating with other devices, developing insights, and sharing the same with others in the network. IOT networks have some characteristics that distinguish them from other networks that make it possible for IOT networks to not just communicate with devices but also with human beings and devices that were traditionally not connected to internet. Internet enables monitoring of these devices through back end applications and these devices also contain additional intelligent functionalities that help them take decisions based on the shared insights coming from these applications or other devices.
A. IOT Architecture
IOT consists of four layers in its architecture including with two of them used for data capture and remaining for data analysis. These include:
Edge Technology: This layer contains the hardware components for data collection including sensors, GPS, RFID, EDIs, intelligent terminals, and camera. These sensors collect data, processes it and transfers to the next layer. In a healthcare application such as a patient monitoring system, sensors would be attached to the devices worn by patients and the data that would be collected include location, glucose level, and blood pressure. For data capture through a large network, wireless sensors are used containing large number of the nodes that have sensing capabilities (Bozdogan & Kara, 2015).
Gateway: Data received from the edge technology devices is handled by access gateway. Access gateway takes the data from previous layer using a technology which can be Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, GSM, or WSN.
Middleware: Middleware is a software layer that sits next to the gateway and provides data services such as data discovery, aggregation, filtering, access control, and analysis.
Data Management: It is the next layer after middleware and it provider data management capabilities through quality of service, data directory, cloud computing and M2M.
Application: This is the last layer of the system which acts as the interface between the IOT devices and the enterprise applications (Zarghami, 2013).
B. IOT Components
Physical objects that are connected through the IOT network make the key components of the network as they are used for collecting information from the end users. In healthcare industry, these users would be the patients and the information collected could be heart rate measure, blood pressure level, and glucose level.
Another important component of IOT network is the communication technology used. Common technologies used for communication function include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, and Light Fidelity. Communication technology is another component, which serves as a link between the 15.4. Zigbee uses IEEE 802.15.4 standard and can work for short ranges even with low power devices. It is built over a Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Network (LR-WPAN) and works in 2.4GHz ISM band. Bluetooth also uses IEEE standard and operates in 2.4 GHz ISM band but is much cheaper than ZigBee. It provides point to point as well as point to multiple connections on wireless networks and can work with devices having low energies and use less power (Sidhu, Singh, & Chhabra, 2007).
Li-Fi: Light Fidelity or Li-Fi is a Visible Light Communication system which uses light pulses for communication in the range of 400 to 800 THz that are transmitted through LED lamps embedded in the receiver. The data is transferred in the form of light through these LEDs and the photoreceptors embedded in devices receive signals coming from other devices. These receptors then convert the light data into the digital format. This technology is low cost and eliminates the overlapping problems that occur in electromagnetic devices signals. However, the technology cannot be used where walls and trees make obstructions. This technology is often used in healthcare for patient monitoring within a room such as in MRI Scanning (MALLICK, 2016).
Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi technologies use IEEE 802.11x standards operating over Wireless LAN. There are 3 common interoperable technologies used with wireless systems and these are Infrared (IR), Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS), and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS). At 600 Mbps data rate, Wi-Fi standards are most suitable to work with for up to 5 GHz of radio frequency. Wi-fi technologies use Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Protocols providing security features such as Wired Equivalent Privacy, Protected Access Points, and Advanced Encryption Standard, and (Narendra, Duquennoy, & Voigt, 2015).
LTE: Long Term Evolution (LTE) is one of the Wireless broadband technology which provides 75 Mbps and 300 Mbps of uplink and down Link data rates respectively. At low rates of latency, these speeds are 3 Gbps and 1.5 Gbps which is called LTE-A. LTE technology is cost effective especially for M2M communication services and it provides compatibility with older LTE networks (Paavola, 2007).
C. IOT Applications
IOT applications are used for formatting and arranging...