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Final exam PICT 3012: Intelligence Policy Final Examination—S1 2020 Please note the following instructions: This exam consists of answering two essay questions. I have written the exam to take about three hours total, but you are free to spend as little or as much time on it as you wish between now and the due date. The exam must be submitted through TurnItIn by Friday. Each question is worth 50 points, so be sure to budget your time accordingly. I highly recommend that you take time in the beginning to read through the entire exam and decide which two questions will best showcase your learning, and that you plan your answers by going through the course materials and writing a brief outline. Each essay should run about 800-1000 words. You are not expected to do the formal referencing for this exam that you would for a paper. The exam is open-book and open-note: you can use any class materials. You may use the materials on our class’s iLearn site, but you may not use other parts of the internet or other outside materials for this exam. You are expected to complete your own work for this exam. For your convenience, a list of the semester’s readings has been provided on the last pages of the exam. Finally, please be sure to take a deep breath and relax. When you are ready to do so, just turn the page and answer the following questions to the best of your ability. Good luck! J SECTION I: Essays (100 points) Please answer TWO of the following questions in essay form. In your essay you are expected to draw on relevant materials from the course readings, class discussions, and other class materials. Each essay is worth 50 points, so please budget your time accordingly. Be sure to answer all parts of the question. 1. During the semester, we have talked about the many issues intelligence analysts face and the many kinds of problems within the intelligence community more broadly (cultural, organizational, social, moral, etc.). In your view, what are the top three biggest challenges that intelligence officers face? At least one of the problems you discuss must be specifically about intelligence/policy issues, such as relationships between intelligence and policymakers, the budget, policymaker concerns, etc. Why did you select these problems? How can those problems be fixed—or can they be fixed at all? Has taking this class changed your perspective about the CIA and/or the intelligence community? If so, how, and if not, why not? (It’s okay if your perspective hasn’t changed, but give a reasoned discussion about why.) 2. Given what you have learned this semester about intelligence work and intelligence policy, what might winning the Global War on Terror look like? I’m not expecting you to rewrite national security policy here; I’m more interested in how you apply the practical material we have read and talked about this semester to this abstract problem. There are no right or wrong answers here—only good and bad ones. 3. What has been the most significant new learning for you this semester? I’m serious about this question: I want to know whether and how your thinking has changed over the last four months about any of the issues or perspectives we have discussed. Feel free to talk about just one thing, or about as many as four different things. Be sure to ground the bulk of your discussion in what we have read and talked about in class. You can also connect your discussion to the ways in which you now read about/discuss/think about current events in America and around the world. COURSE READINGS PART ONE: THE BASICS Week 1: Course Introduction February 24 No readings are assigned for the first class meeting. Week 2: Introduction to the American Intelligence Community March 2 1. Watch Top Secret America, a Frontline documentary on the intelligence community post-9/11, at https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/topsecretamerica/ 2. Lowenthal, Ch. 1 and 2. 3. August 6, 2001. Bin Ladin Determined to Strike in US. President’s Daily Brief Memo. *An optional but helpful resource: “How the Intelligence Community Works,” https://www.intelligence.gov/how-the-ic-works Week 3: Introduction to Intelligence Policy March 9 1. McLaughlin, 2008. “Serving the National Policymaker.” in George Bruce (eds.), Analyzing Intelligence: Origins, Obstacles, and Innovations. Georgetown University Press. 2. Petersen, 2011. “What I Learned in 40 Years of Doing Intelligence Analysis for US Foreign Policymakers.” Studies in Intelligence, 55(1), pp. 13-20. CHANGES START HERE! Week 4: Intelligence-Policy Relationships March 30 1. Brian Katz. (2019). “Policy and You: A Guide for Intelligence Analysts.” War on the Rocks: https://warontherocks.com/2019/02/policy-and-you-a-guide-for-intelligence-analysts/ 2. Brian Katz. (2018). “Intelligence and You: A Guide for Policymakers.” War on the Rocks: https://warontherocks.com/2018/11/intelligence-and-you-a-guide-for-policymakers/ PART TWO: DEEPER DIVES Week 5: Collection and Analysis April 6 1. Lowenthal, Ch. 5 and 6 Week 6: NO CLASS—Easter Monday April 13 No readings are assigned for this week. Week 7: Culture Clashes between the IC and the Policymaker April 20 1. Lowenthal, Ch. 9 2. Jervis, 2010. “Why Intelligence and Policymakers Clash.” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 125(2), pp. 185-204. CALENDAR IS CAUGHT UP HERE Week 8: Ethical Dilemmas April 27 1. Lowenthal Ch. 8 and 13 2. Leopold, 2014. “A Justice Department Memo Provides the CIA's Legal Justification to Kill a US Citizen.” Vice News, https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/mbw4ma/a-justice-department- memo-provides-the-cias-legal-justification-to-kill-a-us-citizen Week 9: Culture Clashes within the IC May 4 1. Dissertation, Ch. 3. Week 10: Intelligence Budget May 11 1. Adams, Bent, and Peroff, 2017. “The Office of Management and Budget: The President’s Policy Tool.” In The National Security Enterprise: Navigating the Labyrinth (George and Rishikof, Eds.), pp. 57-80. Georgetown University Press. Week 11: Five Eyes May 18 1. Dailey, 2017. “The Intelligence Club: A Comparative Look at Five Eyes.” Journal of Political Sciences and Public Affairs, 5:261. https://www.longdom.org/open-access/the-intelligence-club-a-comparative-look-at-five-eyes- 2332-0761-1000261.pdf 2. O’Neil, 2017. “Australia and the ‘Five Eyes’ Intelligence Network: The Perils of an Asymmetric Alliance.” Australian Journal of International Affairs, 71(5), pp. 529-543. Week 12: Future Directions May 25 1. NATO Association of Canada, 2018. The Future of US Intelligence: Challenges and Opportunities. http://natoassociation.ca/the-future-of-us-intelligence-challenges-and-opportunities/ Week 13: Guest Speaker on the Australian Intelligence Community June 1 No readings are assigned for this week.