Hello please follow instructions in Reflection Journal file.Please use chapters 6, 7 and 8 as reference for the paper.Make sureGrammar & spelling is good.
please make sure APA reference page is done good with correct author names
Missing details, lack of authors throughout the reference page.
Course Unit Unit 6 Physical Activity Recommendations and Physical Activity Guidelines Introduction Based on the current levels of physical activity among Canadian adults and children, you may be asking yourself: "Are the current levels of physical activity considered adequate?" "How much physical activity is enough for health?". You should find the answer to these questions here by looking at the major public health messages promoted in North America. The Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines, The American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association publish recommendations for physical activity alongside a simplified rational for these levels. These recommendations have been developed around the concept of "dose-response" but in order to be effective they must be periodically reassessed to determine effectiveness. In order to achieve health benefits, a minimum "amount" of physical activity is required which is related to the type, intensity, duration, and frequency of physical activity undertaken. In addition, a large range of health benefits are attained as a consequence of different amounts and types of physical activity therefore it is important as an individual to understand your own health goals and what the recommendations will mean for you personally. Learning Objectives Upon completion of this unit you will have addressed the following learning objectives: Describe current physical activity guidelines for children, youth, adults and older adults in Canada according to the Canada Physical Activity Guide. Describe the American College of Sports Medicine/American Heart Association recommendations for physical activity. Distinguish between physical activity recommendations for fitness benefits and the physical activity recommendation for health benefits. Identify the main differences between the ACSM/AHA recommendations from 1995 and 2007. Describe the suggested physical activity recommendations for prevention of chronic diseases. Identify potential factors that hinder physical activity participation among children and youth. Assigned Readings Read See schedule for reading list Activity: Couch Potatoes From the readings and your own experiences share examples of behaviour you have observed in children and youth that prevents them from reaching the recommended amount of physical activity needed to achieve health benefits in the Unit 6 Couch Potatoes discussion forum Respond to at least one of your classmate's examples with a proposed cause for this behaviour and a strategy to change it. Conclusion Physical activity guidelines are developed as a general guide for a specific population with regard to frequency, duration, type and intensity of activities needed to obtain optimal health. Canada has recently revised and launched new guidelines for a variety of age groups based on empirical evidence gathered since the last revision of the guidelines ten years ago. Recent Statistics Canada reports state that only 15% of adults and 7% of children and youth were meeting previously recommended activity targets and it is hoped that the more explicitly stated activity levels of the revised guidelines will make targets clearer and therefore increase success. These new guidelines reflect a new "more is better" approach to physical activity. This translates to both an increase in recommended time and intensity of activity for children and youth with minimum levels stated, as opposed to the old guidelines which encouraged a systematised progression from current levels (whatever they may be) to 90 minutes a day regardless of type. Age groups within the guide have been revised to better reflect the different needs of children and youth, as well as Canada's aging population (instead of 20-55 years of age the adult range now includes 18-64, while older adults are considered to be people 65 years and older). Evidence now clearly shows a relationship between increased levels and intensities of physical activity and increased health benefits but remains unclear with regard to frequency. In response, the new guideline states that activity must be tailored to include bouts of at least 10 minutes of moderate or vigorously intense activity. These shorter more intense bouts have the advantage of allowing individuals to better customise a manageable weekly activity routine. However it is important to understand that different "doses" of physical activity "utilized" will result in different responses, and the dose should change depending on the outcome of interest (e.g. health purposes, fitness enhancement, disease management). Guiding Questions for Journal Reflection "Why are physical activity guidelines developed and why are they developed for a variety of age groups?", "What is the difference between engaging in physical activity for health benefits and for fitness benefits?", "What does physical activity dose-response mean?" Before Moving On: Ensure that you have read all of supplied material and made notes for yourself in preparation for exam. Post a response on the discussion forum and respond to a classmate's post. Completed your final reflection for the unit. Course Unit Unit 7 Factors that Affect Physical Activity Participation Introduction Theories and models are widely used as an attempt to understand and explain the complexity physical activity participation. Models are usually a visual representation (eg. diagram) of the phenomenon under study while theories are a text based representation. Models are generally used in specific situations (eg. all the grade 12 students in a particular school) while theories represent more general, possibly universal applications (eg. all 18 year olds). Theories consist of a series of principles or statements that are used to explain a certain phenomenon. Frameworks are a third way to describe a phenomenon. Frameworks are used predominantly by researchers when attempting to define the scope and underlying concepts that describe the researchers assumptions about the research to be conducted. Like the skeleton of a human body a framework adds internal structure and support to research. A framework is a proto-theory to be tested in a research project. After repeated testing or support from the research community a framework may develop into a theory or model. Four main theoretical assumptions will be discussed in this unit: the Ecological Framework, the Self-efficacy Theory, the Theory of Planned Behaviour, and the Transtheoretical Model. Several variables derived from these theories and models have been investigated as determinants of physical activity. You will have a chance to reflect on how these frameworks/theories/models are used to explain physical activity participation. Learning Objectives Upon completion of this unit you will have addressed the following learning objectives: Describe what an Ecological framework is. Apply the Ecological Framework in order to identify factors affecting physical activity participation at different levels. Describe the Self-efficacy Theory and discuss how this theory affects physical activity participation. Describe the Theory of Planned Behaviour and discuss how this theory affects physical activity participation. Describe the Trans-theoretical Model and discuss how this model affects physical activity participation. Identify differences between the presented theories and models and discuss its applicability. Assigned Readings Read See schedule for reading list unit 7 Activity: Developing an Intervention Using the Dallow & Anderson (2003) reading as a guide, briefly develop a physical activity intervention for older adults with osteoporosis. Post your intervention in the Unit 7 - Intervention discussion forum Respond to at least one classmates intervention strategy with a question or comment about the application of Dallow & Anderson (2003) principles. Conclusion Theories and models can be helpful to understand and explain physical activity behaviour. The Self-efficacy theory may be defined as the belief that the one has the personal ability to perform actions necessary to produce a given outcome. Self-efficacy is important for physical activity because it will influence the final action (e.g. whether or not the activity will be performed). The Transtheoretical model is based on several constructs that will influence the final outcome. It begins with behaviours that will occur slowly over time through various stages of change that will lead to sustain the new behaviour resisting the temptation to engage in old behaviours. It also considers other constructs such as self-efficacy, decisional balance (finding the balance between advantages and disadvantages of engaging in the new behaviour), the process of change, and temptation. The Theory of Planned Behaviour states that not only personal factors but also social factors influence behaviour, but before the actual behaviour take place the theory states that an intention needs to occur. However intention may be influenced by various attitude, norms, and behavioural control. The Ecological perspective has been widely used to explain physical activity participation. This framework goes beyond personal factors and acknowledges that several extra-personal factors also play a significant role on one's decision to be active. These extra-personal factors are grouped in different levels such as interpersonal, community, and macro level factors such as government. Each factor exists in combination and initiatives to promote physical activity should consider the different levels of influence. Guiding Questions for Journal Reflection "Why it is important to know the theories/models?" "What are the main differences observed in these theories?" Before Moving On: Ensure that you have read all of supplied material and made notes for yourself in preparation for exam. Post a response on the discussion forum and respond to a classmate's post. Completed your final reflection for the unit. Course Unit Unit 8 Strategies and interventions that promote physical activity in different settings Introduction Strategies and interventions to promote physical activity can assist individuals, communities, and sectors of the government to increase physical activity participation. This may ultimately lead to the acquisition of health benefits for individuals and reduce pressure on health care provisions. You can view strategies in terms of a hierarchy beginning at the individual level and moving upwards through various groups/levels of societal organisation. You will start by examining some behavioural strategies for individuals and then review social strategies designed for specific populations/sites. The World Health Organisation outlines "the seven best investments" a community can make with regard to increasing physical activity but it is important to note that no one single strategy or solution will work for every situation. People's participation in physical activity is influenced by personal, social and physical environments therefore strategies designed to change behaviour should be based around research with regard to these influences. Learning Objectives Upon completion of this unit you will have addressed the following learning objectives: Explain various behavioural strategies to promote or increase physical activity. Evaluate self-assessment tools regarding behavioural strategies and to discuss their utility. Describe social strategies to increase physical activity and to reflect on their utility. Describe several site-based strategies to promote or increase physical activity. Reflect on potential barriers that hinder physical activity in specific sites. Describe community-based strategies to promote or increase physical activity. Identify whether or not these community strategies are present in your own community, as well as to identify potential barriers for physical activity participation in your own community. Describe environmental supports for physical activity. Discuss provincial and national strategies to increase physical activity. Assigned Readings Read See schedule for reading list Activity: Increasing Canadians Participation Complete the Project Grad instrument (link to pdf) In the discussion forum entitled "Unit 8: Project Grad" share your thoughts about the applicability of the Project Grad instruments for individual use. For example, which instrument may be more useful for individuals in certain age groups or for a particular setting (schools, exercise peer group, workplace among others). With regard to the second part of the Project Grad tool identify some supports and challenges for a physically active lifestyle that you identified in your neighbourhood?