Forum 3-Due WednesdayForum 3--Proposal Argument ForumThe "content" criteria for the Proposal Argument are:A. The essay should include a clear statement of claim including any necessary qualications, a clear explanation of reasons and evidence, and enough relevant evidence to support the claim.B. The essay should have an introduction that (1) introduces the topic and (2) provides a thesis statement about the writer’s position or claim. The introduction should be concise.C. The argument should effectively integrate material from sources with your own writing. The source material should be carefully attributed to its author, and the material must be properly cited using MLA guidelines.D. The reasons and evidence presented by the writer should be convincing, credible, and logical. I also attached some of my past papers so that you can complete referencing my past papers
EN140 Matiss Vitols-Vitolins Annotated Bibliography April 18, 2020 Any Amount of Running Linked To Significantly Lower Risk of Early Deathhttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/11/191104190653.htm The British Journal of Sports Medicine evaluated 14 studies involving 232,149 people over a period of time from 5.5 and 35 years to determine what effect running had upon the participants. Although no exacts were determined for how much running was required, some significant conclusions were reached. It was determined that any amount of running can lower the risk of death for both sexes by 27% . These findings held up regardless of the cause of death. Therefore, running should become a part of everyone’s daily exercise. If more people took up running, regardless of the distance or speed, it could make dramatic shifts in the physical health of the population. The article presents a longitudinal study that present some impressive data about the affects of running. It is one of the few articles found that actually has such impressive data. Since it is a science backed resource it gives credibility to the information included and validates all the claims that it makes. The article was written based on a study from a peer-reviewed journal, so it adds credibility to the information. It totally supports my thesis as well as providing pertinent details about the benefits of running. Begizew, D.M., Grace, J.M., & van Heerden, H.J. (2019). Lower-extremity running-related injuries among 10,000-meter long distance runners in Ethiopia. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 14(2), 358-373. Doi:https://doi.org/10.14198/ihse.019.142.09 The purpose of the study was to investigate and study the risk factors associated with lower-extremity running-related injuries amongst 10,000-meter long distance runners in Ethiopia. It is well known that sport activities and exercises have a positive effect on physical fitness of its participants as well as reducing the incidence of obesity, and cardiac disease, but sports injuries account for more than 16 percent of all injuries. In 2012 more than 1.9 million individuals were treated in an emergency room for sports-related injuries. Somewhere between 37 and 56 percent of runners will suffer some sort of running-related injury. The extent of lower extremity injuries in long distance runners ranged from 19.4% to 79.3% in 2007. These were attributed to the following extrinsic factors: poor training habits, inadequate rehabilitation of previous injuries, high weekly mileage and incorrect shoes. The intrinsic risk factors are those that are specifically related to each runner: age, gender, previous injury, and training experiences. Two-hundred ninety-seven male and female 10,000-meter long-distance runners were studied. They found that there were 3.54 injuries per 1000 hour of running. There was no significant difference when comparing 17-26 year old and those over 26. The greatest type of injury was the knee accounting for 33.6% of all injuries. Most injured participants trained 5 days a week but there were no significant differences found for training distance, competition distance, competition frequency, running surface, age of running shoes, or running season.an Women were found to be 1.89 times more likely to have running injuries than males. Previously injured persons were 4.71 times more likely to be exposed to running-related injuries. Also those whose competitions were 30-40Km and 6-7 competitions per running season were less likely to develop lower-extremity running-related injuries. Those that ran on tartan were 5.24 times more likely to develop injuries, those on sand/dirt tracks were 4.32 times more likely, and those that wore shoes between 8 and 11 months of age were less likely to sustain injuries. The research was conducted as a result of a real-life problem they were experiencing in their country, so it is a very good life-related study. It validates what really occurs to a myriad of individuals that are excessive runners. It’s data is new and presents some interesting perspective not seen in the other material researched. This article examines lower-extremity (knee, calf, ankle, foot) injuries associated with long distance running. It will be a good resource to help refute the negative beliefs about long distance running for it shows that most are due to mistakes made by the runner or trainer and not a true result of the running. Exercise and Osteoarthritis: The Effect Of Running with Aging in the Masters-level Athlete Jason Zlotnicki-Aaron Mares-Volker Musahl- https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-32982-6_14 Participation in long-distance running has increased significantly over the past decades. Despite the benefits of high-impact aerobic exercise on both systemic and bone health, many still equate running with an increased risk of osteoarthritis (OA). However, it has been found that a balance of running, cross-training, and healthy eating practices will increase the ability of an aging runner to function at a high level. Aging runners should be encouraged to continue running. Running will aid in preserving the function of the knee in the presence of early OA. This reading is actually a chapter from a medical text discussing osteoarthritis and other bone related diseases. It is interesting because it is contrary to nearly every source dealing with arthritis or osteoarthritis, yet it provides documentation to validate its points. The article refutes one of the most often cited reasons for adults to refrain from running. The book is based on research and is written by three doctors in the field of orthopedics so it is a valid resource to help substantiate my subject matter and my thesis that running is beneficial to the human body. 8 Key Ways Running Can Transform Your Body and Brain Kevin Loria – https://www.businessinsider.com/health-benefits-of-running-2018-4 Running can significantly improve one’s physical and mental health. It can reduce stress, Improve the runner’s mood, improve heart health, and alleviate symptoms of depression. The human body seems to be built for running (especially long distance) with the shape of the hips, feet and long length of the legs. Running is the closest thing to a miracle drug. It improves cardiovascular health, burns calories, improves bone and muscle strength, and strengthens the mind while helping to eliminate cognitive decline. It also improves sleep and seems to reshape the brain, so the person is less susceptible to stress. It can also reduce one’s risk of contracting certain types of cancers and decrease one’s chances of premature death. Although some say distance running can harm the body, it has been found that those that run 40 or more miles per week had healthier hearts. It has also been shown to improve knee health and reduce knee pain and the formation of osteoarthritis. Just 30 minutes of aerobic exercise per day can produce these amazing results, with little to no negative side effects. The author collected information from a myriad of medical and research sources to compile his 8 points. Although many of them are included in nearly every article on running, the idea that distance running is good for the knees is unique. The idea that running, and distance running in particular, is beneficial is not widely touted at this time, but has been found in two of the articles researched. The article provides a lot of pertinent information about the benefits of running for your body and brain. It will be helpful in my support of my thesis. How Running Made Us Human: Endurance Running Let Us Evolve To Look The Way We Do https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/11/041123163757.htm A study by Bramble and Lieberman states that the human body’s shape is an adaptation for long distance running that resulted as man moved from more of an ape like creature to the body configuration he has today. Although man is considered a poor sprinter, he has reasonable speed and great endurance which the researchers say is more important. Attributes of the human body that help to provide the means for long distance running include the following: skull that protects the brain from overheating, a balanced head with a flat front that shifts the center of mass backwards, large vertebrae that provide shock absorption, decoupled shoulders, and a narrow trunk and shorter forearms that aid in standing upright. The huge buttocks and bones in the feet help to provide stabilization. The long legs provide for wide strides for running and the enlarged heel bones provide greater shock absorption. The article reiterates information about the human body and its design being especially crafted for running. The author includes many of the same points of other research but gives many more details than some of the previous articles. The inclusion of information about the function of the buttocks is especially interesting and unique to this article. The article does a good job of supporting the idea that the human body is especially designed for running. It provides a good foundation for my thesis that running is beneficial to the human body. Humans Were Born To Run, Fossil Study Suggests John Owens - https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2004/11/humans-2343-born-to-run-fossil-study-suggests/ A study by Dennis Bramble of the University of Utah suggests that our ancestors left the trees to become distance runners. The ability to run is why humans look the way they do today. Human traits suggest our ancestors evolved as distance runners. These changes helped them chase down prey and compete with the fast carnivores on the open plains of Africa. Running is considered the most transforming event in human history according to Bramble. Compared to mammals such as pronghorn antelope who can sprint 40 miles per hour, however, we are considered unaccomplished runners. Owens expressed information found in many other articles dealing with human body shape and its pertinence to running. His information serves to reinforce the information contained in other articles. The study suggest that because running exposes the body to much higher stresses than walking, that humans evolved large joint surfaces in the lower body that serve as shock absorbers. Even the shape of human faces and body build is conducive for running. This article reiterate sthe study by Bramble supporting the idea that man is made to run. It reaffirms the previous article and further validates my thesis statement. How Running Changes Your Body https://www.theactivetimes.com/run-race/how-running-changes-your-body Running can put a person in a good mood because of the endorphins released resulting in a “runner’s high”, but there is much more it does for the body. It can help establish better body composition by losing fat and increasing muscle. It also produces a stronger body by boosting metabolism, increasing bone density and boosting one’s overall health. Combined with a balanced diet, running can create a calorie deficit that can aid in fat loss and muscle gain. However, running and weight training are best for creating a shapely body composition. At some point muscle