Formula (2.8) has alternative formula Hence, for given {pij }, X2 is large when n is sufficiently large, regardless of whether the association is practically important. Explain why chi-squared tests,...

Formula (2.8) has alternative formula

Hence, for given {pij }, X2 is large when n is sufficiently large, regardless of whether the association is practically important. Explain why chi-squared tests, like other tests, merely indicate the degree of evidence against a hy