For Lab Report 9. I have attached the lab manual please follow the format (Include the pre-lab and the complete lab report). Thank you. Try your best, whatever the result is accepted.
225-Manual-SP2021-Hybrid EXP 1-10 1 THE COMPLETE HANDOUT FOR THE LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS AND OTHER COURSE MATERIALS MAY BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE BLACKBOARD SITE FOR CHEM 225LB THROUGH Hunter Blackboard (https://hunter.cuny.edu/quick-links/) HUNTER COLLEGE Department Of Chemistry Organic Laboratory II Hybrid Chemistry 225 You have learned the basic laboratory techniques in organic chemistry-I lab. Now you should be able to work more independently than in the first-semester. You will work individually during all in-person Experiments 5-8 (Week 5 – 12). You will have to plan your own allotment of time. In order to avoid falling behind you will have to carry out some (previously planned) reactions at the same time you are continuing work on earlier experiments. In addition to carrying out several organic syntheses you will identify a functional groups in unknown compounds as well as separate and identify the compounds in an unknown binary mixture. These identifications will require the use of both chemical and spectroscopic methods. You will be required to consult other sources in addition to your laboratory text in this endeavor. In the synthesis experiments you may not be given the procedure in complete detail. You will incorporate information from the recitation and textbook to fill in the details and modify the procedure as needed before you enter the laboratory. REQUIRED TEXT: Pavia, Lampman, Kriz and Engel, A Small Scale Approach to Organic Laboratory Techniques, Fourth Edition, Cengage Learning, 2015. This Lab Manual will help you prepare for lab with additional reading from the Pavia text and any Organic Chemistry textbook. LABORATORY SAFETY: All students must acquaint themselves with the safety features of the laboratory and the procedures to be followed in the case of an emergency, and includes knowing the proper safety practices and safety information on all chemicals and procedures used in every experiment. This information can be obtained by reviewing the safety video posted on BB, from the laboratory text (Pavia, technique 1, p 548-565), and from the following handbooks available in the stockroom room 1414 north: Dangerous Properties of Industrials by Irving Sax; Handbook of Chemistry and Physics; Merck Index and Aldrich Chemical Catalog; Webpage www.sigmaaldrich.com. For the safety and convenience of students taking Organic Chemistry I and II the chemicals in room 1404 north have been organized according to the individual experiment. Please return chemicals to their correct positions. Other safety regulations: Regulations include, but are not limited to: 2 • SAFETY GOGGLES & FACE MAKS MUST BE WORN AT ALL TIMES IN THE LABORATORY • PHYSIAL DISTANCING GUIDELINES ARE TO BE FOLLOWED • Remain outside the laboratory until your lab instructor has entered the lab • Provide your own safety glasses, disposable gloves & paper towels. • No cell phone conversations, audio or text, inside the laboratory • ALL pre- & co- requisite courses Failure to comply with safety rules will result in deduction of points and/or ejection from the laboratory. WARNING: If you are pregnant or intend to become pregnant during the semester, you are not allowed to work in the Organic Chemistry Lab for reasons significant to the safety of the unborn child! LAB CLEANLINESS: • Make sure that the area around your workspace is clean while you’re working on your experiment AND before you leave the laboratory. Your instructor will not clean up after you! • If you spill something or otherwise make a mess during a procedure, you must clean it up. • There are designated disposal containers for broken glass, chemicals (solid and liquid), gloves, etc. located throughout the room. If you are not sure where to dispose something, ask your lab instructor. • Return chemicals to their correct positions. PLANNING: The key to success is planning your work carefully before you enter the laboratory! Your online Pre-lab quiz should be submitted and Pre-lab write up must be uploaded on BB via the link set up by your lab instructor (check for instructions from your lab instructor). Students who really understand what they are doing in lab will enjoy the work and will look back on their organic chemistry laboratory as a really pleasurable learning experience. Those who do not understand the experiments they are doing will experience frustration and likely fail in addition to exposing themselves and others to the risk of a serious laboratory accident. We will do our best to help you enjoy the course and achieve successful results, but if you don't do your homework and planning, no one will be able to help you. Pre-lab write up must be uploaded on BB from links set by your lab instructor. Pre-lab should describe your plan and preparation for the experiment. Points for pre-lab write-up will be awarded at the start of each experiment. If a laboratory instructor determines that a student has 3 not adequately prepared an experiment, the student will be sent away from the laboratory and will not be allowed to make-up work in another section. Review all the appropriate laboratory techniques (recrystallization, distillation, filtration, extraction etc.) before you start. The total number of hours allotted for the lab may not be exceeded (2 hours and 45 minutes). You must finish cleaning and leave the lab to allow staff to prepare for the next lab. No work will be allowed out-side the scheduled time period including washing glassware and taking melting points. MAKING UP A LAB: Due to the highly condensed nature of this hybrid semester schedule, make-up lab sessions are NOT available. STUDENTS MAY NOT ATTEND ANY SECTION FOR WHICH THEY ARE NOT REGISTERED. RECITATION: Attendance at recitation is a most fundamental requirement. If you should be forced to miss a recitation class you must obtain the class notes from another student. Failure to attend recitation and understand the material presented does more than subject your experiments to the risk of failure. It is essential from a viewpoint of laboratory safety alone to attend all the recitation classes. Attendance will be taken. The importance of studying the recitation material and applying what you have learned cannot be exaggerated. Exams from recitation count for approximately 20% of the course grade. Don't let yourself become one of the disappointed students who receive a low grade in the entire course due to low scores on their recitation examinations. LABORATORY NOTEBOOK Your Notebook is the original record of all work relating to the experiment. For both Online and In-Person labs, this includes, but not limited to, pre-lab preparation and exercises and in-lab work. Your notebook should be bound - not loose-leaf, and have numbered duplicate (carbon copy) pages, so that if needed, carbon copies can be turned in to your instructor for grading. Organic Chemistry Laboratory Notebooks are sold at the Hunter College Bookstore. Examples of other acceptable lab notebooks can be found at (https://haydenmcneil.com/lab- notebooks/products). The original notebook pages are to remain attached to the notebook. Notebook information (e.g. data tables, observations), for Pre-Lab and Final Lab Reports is to be included as image files of the original notebook entries. Other important Points on Laboratory Notebooks (Refer to the laboratory text for details on Notebook keeping (Pavia, technique 2, p 566-573) for details) • The notebook is to be sufficiently complete and well organized so that anyone who reads it can know what has been done in each experiment and can repeat the procedures from what’s written in it. 4 • You should have a Table of Contents on the first page of the notebook and all of the pages should be numbered ad dated. • Start every experiment on a new page. • The record for each experiment starts with a preliminary write-up (Pre-Lab), which must be in your notebook before you begin the experiment. All preliminary write-ups must include a list of hazards and toxicities of the compounds involved. • All data are to be recorded at the time they are observed or obtained. This includes weights, boiling and melting points, observations of physical changes, results, and conclusions. Separate pieces of copy/loose leaf paper are not to be used for recording data to be transcribed later. • Make all records in ink (do not write with a pencil!). Instead of copying details of a procedure verbatim, refer to the page in the lab manual (or other sources) where the procedure is started. As you conduct the experiment, you must write a short description of the actual procedure that you followed including all observations. Your laboratory instructor may check your notebooks at the end of each laboratory session to ensure that your data was properly recorded at the time when you conducted the experiment. • The notebook should be neat but this is less important than having it be a complete, original record. Copying data is a waste of time and leads to copying errors. The record made at the time of the observation is the important record. If changes or corrections are to be made, the material considered wrong is to be cancelled by drawing a line through it, so that the original entry is still legible. You are not permitted to use corrective fluid (“white-out”) or tape. The revised material is then to be added. It may be necessary to refer to the record to determine how an experiment might best be revised or interpreted. • Experiments designed to develop familiarity of techniques can be recorded in terms of an introduction which states the objective; a description of the procedure, which may be identified by a reference to the manual; the observations; the conclusions (identify the unknown and state the supporting data and reasoning); answers to the question, and a discussion of the theory behind the experiment and its relationship to the observed results. If your own procedure is at all different from that in these notes (or manual), tell exactly how it differs. Data tables will also be used for preparative experiments and you will