For each of the following studies, identify the independent and dependent variables: a. You want to know if having a cell phone out while you study is a distraction, so you conduct a short study to...

For each of the following studies, identify the independent and dependent variables:

a. You want to know if having a cell phone out while you study is a distraction, so you conduct a short study to figure this out. You observe your friends while they study for their coursework. You record whether each one has a cell phone out while they study and place them in either the “cell phone” group or “no cell phone” group, based on what you observe. Then you record how many minutes out of an hour of studying they appear to be on task. You compare the two groups of people to see if they differ in time on task.

b. Your statistics instructor has recruited students to be in a study in his lab. You sign up for the study, and when you participate, this is what you are asked to do: You are asked to complete two blocks of trials where you have to decide if a string of letters that appears on the screen is a real word or not as quickly as you can. During one block of trials, you focus entirely on this task. In the other block of trials, you are asked to also hold a short list of words in memory until the end of the block, when you have to recall them. You are told that the purpose of the study is to examine the effect of the memory task on your ability to decide if the strings of letters are words.