For a group of employees in a data-processing center, you want to test the effect of training on their speed and accuracy, for which you decide to use a pretest-posttest control-group design. When the...

For a group of employees in a data-processing center, you want to test the effect of training on their speed and accuracy, for which you decide to use a pretest-posttest control-group design. When the pretest is given, you find that the participants’ scores on the speed of data processing are very high. What is this effect known as?

a.            Ceiling effect

b.            Floor effect

c.             Carryover effect

d.            Sequencing effect

e.            Competency effect