Follow instructions , read article provided and answer questions .
Max - 500 words .
RMIT Classification: Trusted Assessment Task 1: Academic article review (500 words, 10%) • Assignment type: Individual, written • Value: 10% • Link to the CLOs: 1, 2, 3 • Length: 500 words • Due date: 23:55, Friday, Apr 2 Note: on all written assessments, a +/-10% margin from the word limit is allowed. However, a deduction of 1% will be made from the final mark for each 1% beyond the 10 % margin. So, for a 500 word-limit assessment, no penalties are incurred up to 550 words. However, every 1% beyond the 550 words will incur a 1% deduction in marks. Your review should: • identify the key concepts and theories related to your chosen article; • demonstrate a grasp of the author’s main arguments in the article; • discuss the practical implications of the reading; you should consider why the topic of the article is interesting and important for managers of multinational enterprises in the contemporary global business world and how the understanding of the article would benefit the managers; and • present these by using an effective academic writing style. Some tips for this assessment • When reviewing an academic article, it is critical to focus on what the authors are arguing rather than simply the subject that they are talking about. • Use your own words and avoid direct quotations as quotations do not explain your thinking or judgements. Summarising in your own words and paraphrasing are essential skills for academic writing. To summarise means to reduce a text to its main points and its most important ideas. Paraphrasing means putting it into your own words. The criteria against which the assessment will be graded are: • evidence of critical reading and understanding of the article; • reflection on the practical implications of the article for managers the multinational enterprises; and • presentation which includes a clear writing style, good grammar and spelling and appropriate referencing (This course uses the Harvard (or RMIT-Harvard) citation method unless otherwise stated (see: http://www.lib.rmit.edu.au/easy-cite/ for more information the referencing style). You are asked to review one of the below academic articles by completing the journal article review template provided. You are not allowed to edit the questions in the template or create your own. Your submission will not be assessed unless the correct template is used. Article 1. Kobrin, S J 2020, ‘How globalization became a thing that goes bump in the night’, Journal of International Business Policy, vol. 3, pp. 280-286. Article 2. Chae, B, McHaney, R & Sheu, C 2020, ‘Exploring social media use in B2B supply chain operations’, Business Horizon, vol. 63, pp. 73-84. Article 3. Manuel, T & Herron, T L 2020, ‘An ethical perspective of business CSR and the COVID-19 pandemic’, Society and Business Review, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 235-253. Article Review Template Part A: Student and article information (This part is excluded from the word count) Your name Student ID Your tutor Tutorial class Day: Time: Number of words Title of the selected article Part B: Use your own words and sentences to complete each section (the questions are excluded from the word count) Objectives: What does the article set out to do? Subject and theories/concepts: What is the article about? What is its subject? What are the central concepts and/or theories discussed in the article? Findings/main arguments: What are the key findings or main arguments of the author? Practical implication: Why is the subject of the article interesting and important for managers of multinational enterprises in the contemporary global business world and how would the understanding of the article benefit the managers? Part C: List of references (The references should be in alphabetical order according to the last name of the first author. This part is excluded from the word count) International Business: Journal Article Review Template (Assessment 1) EM-SBRJ200020 235..253 An ethical perspective of business CSR and the COVID-19 pandemic Timothy Manuel and Terri L. Herron Department of Accounting and Finance, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on business responses to the pandemic through an ethical lens and to make recommendations for future research in this unique environment. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents many ethical implications for businesses’ responses in balancing individual health and firm risks during the initial and recovery stages. What decisions are businesses making in this pandemic environment?What ethical foundationsmost align with these decisions? Design/methodology/approach – The authors review recent business actions taken in response to the pandemic in light of models of motivation for corporate social responsibility (CSR). Findings – Businesses have engaged in a wide range of philanthropic CSR actions during the pandemic, likely motivated by both utilitarianism and deontological factors in response to the needs of internal and external stakeholders. The pandemic has disparate impacts, generally hurting lower-income individuals more, likely increasing inequality. Research limitations/implications – There are many questions for future research to determine where pandemic-related CSR has different effects for businesses over the long term compared to the pre-pandemic environment. Social implications – Businesses must act to benefit society, protect employees and maintain the trust of their stakeholders during the pandemic. Originality/value – Existing models have examined corporate disaster philanthropic responses that were localized and acute. Business responses to the COVID-19 virus are unique given the severity, the widespread nature and the duration of the crisis. Keywords Business ethics, Corporate social responsibility, Inequality, Corporate philanthropy, Pandemic, COVID-19 Paper type Conceptual paper 1. Introduction The world has changed dramatically since the emergence of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The pandemic swiftly and harshly interrupted life and economies, forcing businesses and governments to quickly make difficult choices to balance risks to individual health and economic health. The US Government responded with a comprehensive aid package titled the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (2020). Businesses must also recognize and respond to the changing environment or risk losing customers, suppliers and other stakeholders (He and Harris, Authors are grateful for research support from the Rudyard B. Goode Professorship in Finance and the Paul and Betty Haack Distinguished Fellowship in Accounting. They thank Editor-in-chief Dr Debbie Haski-Leventhal and colleague Dr Jerry Evans for their feedback and helpful comments on earlier versions of the paper. Finally, they recognize that this paper discusses of only a limited aspect of the pandemic, and praise the work of COVID-19 caregivers and medical researchers doing heroic work to save lives. Business CSR and COVID19 235 Received 3 June 2020 Revised 20 July 2020 Accepted 23 July 2020 Society and Business Review Vol. 15 No. 3, 2020 pp. 235-253 © EmeraldPublishingLimited 1746-5680 DOI 10.1108/SBR-06-2020-0086 The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available on Emerald Insight at: https://www.emerald.com/insight/1746-5680.htm http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/SBR-06-2020-0086 2020). Failure to respond may even imperil the legal and social environment in which businesses operate. Businesses have seen increased demand for corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities in response to the pandemic. We discuss the change in the value of CSR and the types of CSR that are now important. We review business actions taken in response to the pandemic in light of recent models of motivation for CSR. The virus was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and then quickly spread around the world. As of July 15, 2020, roughly seven months after the first outbreak, over 13.4 million people were known to be infected, resulting in over 580,000 deaths in over 185 countries (Secon et al., 2020; Hopkins, 2020). In contrast, the severe acute respiratory syndrome pandemic in 2002–2003 only infected a little more than 8,000 people worldwide and resulted in fewer than 800 deaths (Centers for Disease Control, 2004). Before the shutdown that began in March 2020, the US economy had been in the longest expansionary phase on record (Bartash, 2020). The closures resulted in record declines in the USA and global economic growth in the short run (World Economic Outlook, 2020). In early June 2020, 36% of executives surveyed did not expect their companies to be fully recovered until 2021 (FitzGerald et al., 2020). The long-run cost is unknown, but a recent study by Jordà et al. (2020) found that past pandemics with high death rates led to prolonged periods of slow recovery and a shift in returns between labor and capital. The shifts are induced by increased savings, reduced labor supply and long periods of low real interest rates. The result in many cases was a decades-long period of very slow growth. Businesses have faced major impacts from the pandemic as well. The travel, tourism and hospitality industries suffered large losses from the shutdown and social distancing requirements [Bureau of Labor Statistics (US), 2020]. Firms in many industries faced supply chain disruptions that reduced the quantity of output while raising the cost of production. Many businesses shifted work offsite to allow employees to work remotely, canceled business trips and skippedmarketing tours and other activities that required travel. Surging unemployment and forced stay-at-home orders caused a decline in consumer demand for many goods and services, although health concerns increased demand for household, health care and cleaning products. Consumer purchasing behaviors also changed and contributed to a rapid increase in demand for online purchasing, which firms had to meet to maintain sales. In the uncertain environment, maintaining cash flow to pay debts and employees was paramount (Donthu and Gustafsson, 2020). Businesses are allowed to operate both within an explicit set of operating regulations and laws and within an implicit social contract. They are allowed to operate for-profit enterprises that ultimately provide desired goods and services to individuals. Individuals interact with businesses in one or more roles as customers, employees, suppliers, investors, etc., without which business would not be possible. There is thus a mutual dependency between businesses and individuals that creates a moral responsibility for businesses to assist stakeholders in times of financial crisis, whether it is profitable to do so or not (van der Vegt et al., 2015). The role of this social contract results in various potential motivations for actions such as CSR activities. Aguilera et al. (2007) present a CSR model where managers and employees have both self-interested (instrumental) motivations and deontological responsibilities to various stakeholders and the environment. Businesses may increase investment in socially responsible actions during COVID-19 for a variety of