Find the range, variance, and standard deviation for the given sample data. Include appropriate units (such as “minutes”) in your results. (The same data were used in Section 3-2 where we found...

Find the range, variance, and standard deviation for the given sample data. Include appropriate units (such as “minutes”) in your results. (The same data were used in Section 3-2 where we found measures of center. Here we find measures of variation.) Then answer the given questions.

a)
Playing Times of Popular Songs
Listed below are the playing times (in seconds) of songs that were popular at the time of this writing. (The songs are by Timberlake, Furtado, Daughtry, Stefani, Fergie, Akon, Ludacris, Beyonce, Nickelback, Rihanna, Fray, Lavigne, Pink, Mims, Mumidee, and Omarion.) Does the standard deviation change much if the longest playing time is deleted?

448 242 231 246 246 293 280 227 244 213 262 239 213 258 255 257

b)
Satellites
Listed below are the numbers of satellites in orbit from different countries. Based on these results, is it unusual for a country to not have any satellites? Why or why not?

158 17 15 18 7 3 5 1 8 3 4 2 4 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

c)
Years to Earn Bachelor’s Degree
Listed below are the lengths of time (in years) it took for a random sample of college students to earn bachelor’s degrees (based on data from the U.S. National Center for Education Statistics). Based on these results, is it unusual for someone to earn a bachelor’s degree in 12 years

4 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 6 6 8 9 9 13 13 15

d)
Car Emissions
Environmental scientists measured the greenhouse gas emissions of a sample of cars. The amounts listed below are in tons (per year), expressed as CO2 equivalents. Is the value of 9.3 tons unusual?

7.2 7.1 7.4 7.9 6.5 7.2 8.2 9.3

e)
Bankruptcies
Listed below are the numbers of bankruptcy filings in Dutchess County, New York State. The numbers are listed in order for each month of a recent year (based on data from the Poughkeepsie Journal ). Identify any of the values that are unusual.

59 85 98 106 120 117 97 95 143 371 14 15

f)
Radiation in Baby Teeth
Listed below are amounts of strontium-90 (in millibecquerels or mBq) in a simple random sample of baby teeth obtained from Pennsylvania residents born after 1979 (based on data from “An Unexpected Rise in Strontium-90 in U.S. Deciduous Teeth in the 1990s,” by Mangano, et al., Science of the Total Environment). Identify

any of the values that are unusual.