Answer To: Final year dissertation, 10k words with 10% tolerance. 3k word draft due in December & final...
Soumi answered on Dec 10 2020
WHAT IS THE ROOT CAUSE OF CORRUPTION IN MALAYSIA?
(RESEARCH PROPOSAL)
Table of Contents
1. Introduction 4
1.1 Background of the Research 4
1.2 Backdrop of Malaysia 4
1.3 Research Rationale 5
1.3.1 What is the research issue? 5
1.3.2 Why is at an issue? 5
1.3.3 Why is at an issue now? 5
1.3.4 What could the research shed light upon? 5
1.4 Research Aim 6
1.5 Research Objective 6
1.6 Research Question 6
1.7 Significance of Proposed Research 6
1.8 Proposed Dissertation Structure 7
2. Literature Review 8
2.1 Concept of Corruption in Society 8
2.2 Corruption in Malaysia and comparing it with Other Countries 8
2.3 Factors leading to Corruption in Malaysia 8
2.4 Theories Related to Corruption 9
2.4.1 The Game Theory 9
2.4.2 The Rational Choice Theory 9
2.5 Theoretical Frameworks relating to Corruption 9
2.5.1 Corruption Control Framework 9
2.5.2 Cluster Plan Framework 10
2.6 Impact of Corruption on Malaysia 10
2.7 Need to Challenge Corruption 10
2.8 Ways to Fight Corruption in Malaysia 10
2.9 Conceptual Framework 12
3. Methodology 13
3.1 Research Outline 13
3.2 Data Collection Methods 13
3.3 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria 14
3.4 Ethical Considerations and Research Limitations 14
4. Anticipated findings 14
5. Conclusion 15
References 16
Appendix 18
1. Introduction
Corruption has been a part of the human civilisation from the development of modern and medieval societies. It is found that modern day corruption has been responsible for the asymmetrical development of economies around the globe. The identification of the causes of corruption therefore, holds the key to the development of prosperity and ethical symmetry in social order. In the current proposal, the topic is about finding the root cause of corruption in Malaysia. The proposed proposal introduces the topic, discusses the literary knowledge required for assessing the various aspects related to the topic and offers insight into proper use of methods and a conclusion for summing up the details.
1.1 Background of the Research
As the topic of corruption has deep links with human psychology, it has been discussed in depth by researchers all around the globe, as seen the works of Gumerov et al. (2015), Heywood (2015) and many more. The research has also been conducted in the context of the economic and political status of geographical regions. However, the lack of considering the fact that every country has their collective influence of culture, economics, politics within their political and sovereign boundaries has made the identification of root causes of corruption hard to identify. Therefore, the identification of comparatively higher corruption in a country such as Malaysia has not been done earlier, and the current research sheds light on the country specific issue, gaining its significance in the process.
1.2 Backdrop of Malaysia
Malaysia has a robust economy, which is based on business and agriculture in the country, however, the political atmosphere of the country has been a major reason for its high levels of corruption. The country has recently faced the 1 Malaysia Development Berhad, which is expected to launder US$700 million to the private fund of the country’s Prime Minister Mr. Razak (New Mandala, 2015). However, the occurrence of such a travesty is not new to the citizen, on an average succession of 10 years, the country is found facing sever corruption scandals. The lack of transparency of the country’s political policies keeps the general populace of the country in ignorance about the whereabouts of the government. In addition, the well-known practice of bribery among the masses have also amplified the corruption index high, which in recent times have been the major undermining factor for bringing down the country’s GDP, thereby making the identification of the root cause of corruption a valid topic to ponder upon.
1.3 Research Rationale
1.3.1 What is the research issue?
The issues mentioned in the proposed research is that despite the economic affluence and availability of significant resources, the country is not being able to progress properly as the corruption is undermining its public and economic policies on one hand, and on the other is raising questions about the policies of the political parties. The connection with the economy, public welfare and politics of the country makes the topic a relevant for a proper assessment. It is seen that Malaysia is a corruption-ridden country (The Star, 2018).
1.3.2 Why is at an issue?
The corruption is Malaysia is an issue because, the high rate of corruption in Malaysia is depleting the monetary resources allocated for the welfare and development of the citizens in the country and therefore, people of the country are suffering from underdevelopment, inflation and slow growth of economy in the global context (GAN Integrity Inc., 2018). The topic in the proposed research will help Malaysia to focus on the issue it has ignored for a long time.
1.3.3 Why is at an issue now?
Corruption has been a consistent problem in Malaysia, however, in recent times the rate of corruption has made the country’s economy underwhelming, which in the current context of globalisation has made the country sliding towards a backward and underdeveloped country. As seen in the Corruption Perception Index 2016 and 2017, the country is found losing its rank by 7 places, from 55th in 2016 to 62nd in 2017, hinting at the immediate response to the issue (Transparency International, 2017 and The Star, 2018).
1.3.4 What could the research shed light upon?
The proposed research would bring into the focus the root because that is triggering the sequence of actions leading to large-scale corruption in the country. The identification of the root cause would lead to the solution to the problem and development of preventive measures. In addition, the research would also shed light on strategies that can discourage the practice of corruption in the other countries as well.
1.4 Research Aim
The aim of the proposed research is to identify the root cause of corruption in Malaysia. In this context, the factors leading to corruption will be analysed along with finding suitable solutions to mitigate or reduce them in Malaysia.
1.5 Research Objective
The objectives of the proposed research are:
· To understand the concepts and theories related to corruption in context of Malaysia
· To locate the root cause of corruption in Malaysia
· To analysis the factors leading to corruption in Malaysia
· To evaluate impact of corruption and suggests ways to fight them in Malaysia
1.6 Research Question
The key research question is “What is the root cause of corruption in Malaysia?”
Based on it, the sub-questions are—
· Why is Malaysia having high rate of corruption?
· What are the issues occurring due to corruption in Malaysia?
· Why and how should corruption be challenged?
1.7 Significance of Proposed Research
With the help of the proposed research, the root cause of corruption in Malaysia is will be identified and based on the identification of the cause, probable suggestions will be suggested that will help Malaysia to recover its corruption rates significantly. In addition, the proposed research will also help in identifying factors leading to corruption, which will help corrupted countries to formulate solution of their problems or at least identify the reasons.
1.8 Proposed Dissertation Structure
Figure 1: Proposed Dissertation Structure
(Source: Researcher)
2. Literature Review
2.1 Concept of Corruption in Society
The resources needed for luxury is limited and people despite having the resources to live comfortably, strive towards attaining luxury, which gradually leads to the action that are unethical, unjustified and aimed at personal gains, namely corruption. As stated by Bratu and Kazoka (2018), corruption in society has been a distinct feature of human psychology and every human is susceptible to corruption on various degrees. However, Smith (2018) argued that humans are not corrupt by nature, it is the availability of resources, the social ethics and the practices that are existent in the society that promotes...