Fill in the blanks below with the most appropriate term or concept discussed in this chapter: A characteristic of a memory device that refers to the amount of information that can be stored in a given...

Fill in the blanks below with the most appropriate term or concept discussed in this chapter: A characteristic of a memory device that refers to the amount of information that can be stored in a given physical space or volume. A semiconductor memory device made up of a large array of capacitors; its contents must be periodically refreshed in order to keep them from being lost. A developing memory technology that operates on the principle of magnetoresistance; it may allow the development of “instant-on” computer systems. A type of semiconductor memory device, the contents of which cannot be overwritten during normal operation but can be erased using ultraviolet light. This type of memory device is also known as a CAM. A register in an associative memory that contains the item to be searched for. The principle that allows hierarchical storage systems to function at close to the speed of the faster, smaller level(s). This occurs when a needed instruction or operand is not found in cache, so a main memory access is required. The unit of information that is transferred between a cache and main memory. The portion of a memory address that determines whether a cache line contains the needed information. The most flexible but most expensive cache organization, in which a block of information from main memory can reside anywhere in the cache. A policy whereby writes to cached locations update main memory only when the line is displaced. This is set or cleared to indicate whether a given cache line has been initialized with “good” information or contains “garbage” because it is not yet initialized. A hardware unit that handles the details of address translation in a system with virtual memory. This occurs when a program makes reference to a logical segment of memory that is not physically present in main memory. A type of cache used to hold virtual-to-physical address translation information. This is set to indicate that the contents of a faster memory subsystem have been modified and need to be copied to the slower memory when they are displaced. This can occur during the execution of a string or vector instruction when part of the operand is present in physical main memory and the rest is not.