Faculty of Science & Technology ITECH1102 Networking and Security – Lab Sheet week 2 Objectives of this week’s lab · Learn to run LinuxLite under VirtualBox · Investigate the LinuxLite GUI...

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Faculty of Science & Technology ITECH1102 Networking and Security – Lab Sheet week 2 Objectives of this week’s lab · Learn to run LinuxLite under VirtualBox · Investigate the LinuxLite GUI Introduction Linux Lite is a Linux distribution based on Ubuntu Linux. The distribution in University Labs is Linux Lite 3.2. This version of Linux was released in October 2016. The Graphical User Interface on Linux Lite has some similarities to the Windows Operating Systems and as such provides a gentle transition to Linux for users familiar with Windows. The distribution used in ITECH1102 labs has had a few small changes to the basic installation to provide seamlessly operation in our lab environment. These changes include changes to some firewall settings, updates to a command line text editor and automatic running of some processes on boot. Throughout semester we will use Linux Lite to investigate and administer network settings and to capture and analyze network traffic. This week’s lab is a familiarization sessions with the Linux Lite Graphical User Interface (GUI) and some GUI applications. Running VirtualBox. The folder C:\VBoxImages\ (shown below) contains an image of Linux Lite. The disk image (.vdi) of Linux Lite is quite large. The LinuxLite lab image is setup as an Immutable (Read Only) image to enable students to refresh the operating system image prior to the start of a lab session. The function of the three batch files in the C:\VBoxImages\ folder are: · RefreshImages.batThis file will delete temporary VirtualBox files associated with the last VirtualBox session. This will reset the images to their installation state. · vb.batThis file will configure the VirtualBox interface with appropriate configuration and network settings for each virtuak operating system. · createvm.batThis file is used by vb.bat during the setup process. To refresh the virtual operating system to its installation state run (double click) the RefreshImages.bat file. Note – The VirtualBox interface and all associated VirtualBox processes must not be running when RefreashImages.bat is run otherwise the refresh will fail. Note – The batch files (RefreshImages.bat & vb.bat) can also be run for the Windows Start Menu but is somewhat more cumbersome. Task 1 1. Open Windows Explorer 2. Navigate to C:\VBoxImages\ 3. Double click RefreshImages.bat 4. Double click vb.bat You should see the VirtualBox interface on screen as shown below. The left hand pane shows the LinuxLite Virtual Operating system. The Right hand pane show the Virtual Hardware settings of the currently selected Virtual Machine. Click the Start (Green Arrow) to run the Linux Lite Virtual Machine. You should see the Linux Lite GUI display as shown below. The password for user1 is user1pw (The password for user2 (later) it is user2pw ) Enter the password for user 1 to login to Linux Lite. The top Left Hand corner has an icon to the Linux Lite Help manual. Double click the Help manual icon. This will run Firefox and display the Linux Lite manual. This web site will be invaluable for learning how to configure and use Linux Lite. In the bottom Left Hand corner of the screen are a set of icons primarily used to run applications. The three icons on the right run the following programs: · FireFox · Thunar (which is a File Manger much like Windows Explorer) · Terminal The Menu icon invokes the screen shown below. As you can see the Office category of applications has Office productivity tools for word-processing, spread sheeting and presentations. These are the LibreOffice free equivalents to Microsoft Office. Other categories of applications can be selected in the left hand pane. Try selecting System to observe the applications associated with the System category, then select multimedia then Internet etc. You should now have a good feel for the GUI applications that are part of the basic Linux Lite distribution. In the bottom Right Hand corner of the screen are a few more icons. These allow the following: · Multiple Desktop workspaces to be setup (Great productivity tool) · Observe network settings · Change speaker volume and Microphone level · Observe the time and date To configure extra Desktop workspaces do the following: · Right click on one of the two workspace boxes (in the Bottom Right Hand Corner of screen) · Select Workspace Settings · Change the number of workspaces to 6 Task 2 – Gain some familiarity with Linux applications The Linux calculator allows conversions between the four (4) number systems discussed in Topic 1. Run the Calculator Menu > Accessories > Calculator > View > Scientific Mode Enter the hexadecimal number 0x2A then convert it to the other three number systems. Determine the control sequences to do each conversion from the keyboard. Run the Text Editor Menu > Accessories > Text Editor (This program is similar to Notepad on Windows.) Create a file with 4 or 5 lines of text. (Determine how to display line numbers) Run LibreOffice Writer Create a file with different types of formatting including different fonts, different sized fonts bold, Italic etc. You should realise the similarities to the Microsoft equivalent products. Now copy the text to the Text Editor program to erase all formatting. LibreOffice Impress & LibreOffice Calc Try the other two Office Products to create a 3 slide presentation and a small spreadsheet. Take note of the Microsoft formats with which you can save both types of documents. Configuring your Desktop Changing your Desktop on Workspace #1 Click on the First WorkSpace icon (left most icon) in the Linux Panel (equivalent to Windows Taskbar) along the bottom of the Linux Lite interface. Right click the desktop > select the Background Tab > Choose a Background that you like > Uncheck “Apply to all workspaces” While on this Workspace run LibreOffice Writer and the LeafPad Text editor. Changing your Desktop on Workspace #2 Now click the second workspace and apply a different Background to that Workspace. Run FireFox on this Desktop. Desktop URL Links While on this Desktop Create a URL link to Google Maps. To do this Open your Browser to Google Maps. And copy the URL. Right the Linux Desktop > Create URL Link > Give it a name and paste the URL. Double click the URL Link and determine the Time it takes to fly from Beijing to Xian, China. The tasks above a just a small sample of working with the Linux Lite GUI interface. If you want to fiddle more, read the Linux Lite documentation in conjunction with a running sessions of Linux Lite. To gain 1 mark towards ITECH1102 assessment demonstrate the following to your tutor: · 6 Desktop workspaces · Different backgrounds on 3 of the workspaces · A workspace with a URL link to Google Maps · A Google Map showing Beijing and Dalian File Management on Linux Lite The Thunar File Manager can be run from the Beige Icon in the Panel (at the bottom of the screen) When you click on the icon the File Manager will display your Home Directory. Your home directory is at /home/user1/ as can be seen at the top of the File Manager in the Location selector. Using Thunar File Manager you are able to navigate your way around the Linux Lite file system. Note – The file system on Linux Lite is standardized across Linux distributions and so understanding this file system holds you in good stead when working on other Linux distributions. The Root (Start) of the Linux File System The start ( or root ) of the Linux File System is designated using a forward slash / If you click on the “File System” icon in the left hand pane the root of the file system and all directories in it will display. Directories in Linux have specific functionality. Some important ones are mentioned below. Linux Lite Directory name Functionality /bin/ Application programs /etc/ Configuration files /home/ Contains users Home Directories /home/user1/ The home directory of the user named user1 /mnt/ Directory for removable devices /mnt/vbox/ Directory we use to access USB sticks from the Linux Lite virtual machine User Management Linux is a Multiuser system. Currently our system has two users named user1 and user2. You can change between users from the Switch Users icon in the Menu. It is the Beige icon showing three heads (see below). Note – user1 has administrative privilege whereas user2 is just a normal Linux Lite users. This means the user1 has the required authority on the system to undertake administrative tasks like creating new users. Under normal circumstances, user1’s login operates at normal user privilege, however when user1 tries to undertake privileged tasks (like create new users on the system) he/she is asked to enter the user1 password prior to completing the privileged task. This helps maintain security on the Linux System by not allowing the user1 user to work at a high privileged state all the time. Creating new users To gain a second mark towards ITECH1102 Assessment complete the following tasks. The Linux manual describes how to create new users on the Linux Lite system. · Using the documentation determine how to create a new user. · Login as the new user · Navigate to his/her home directory. · Create a text file in the home directory Once you have completed these tasks demonstrate them to your Tutor. This completes this lab session Extra things some students may like to do: · There are numerous Videos on the Internet that discuss using Linux Lite, have a look at some of them and try out some of the configuration processes you observe. · By referring to the Linux Lite Manual test out other configuration options with Linux Lite. ----- End of week 2 lab tasks ----- CRICOS Provider No. 00103D Page 1 of 8 Faculty of Science & Technology ITECH1102 Networking & Security Lab Sheet: Topic 3 - The Application Layer Objectives of this week’s lab · Investigate Applications Layer applications · Explore VirtualBox use of a USB stick to save and exchange files. · Get two Linux Lite instances communication on the one host machine. Introduction User applications are enabled by the communications facilities made available by computer networks. It is user applications that provide business value and as such the network underpins all such networked applications. This week’s lab looks at some important Application layer protocols and the user and server programs that use these protocols to facilitate data transfers between client (user) applications and server applications. Task 1: Categories of user applications Use the Internet to determine the name of at least two user applications that fit into each of the following categories of network application. Feel free to mention quite obscure applications if you can find them. Category 1: Email Category 2: Social Media Category 3: Audio streaming Category 4: Video streaming Category 5: File Transfer Category 6: VoIP Category 7: Video conferencing Category 8: Web searching Category 9: Your choice Category 10: