Explain the distinction between limited and unlimited extent of objects in a local scope. What is a lambda expression? How does the support for lambda expressions in functional languages compare to...

Explain the distinction between limited and unlimited extent of objects in a local scope. What is a lambda expression? How does the support for lambda expressions in functional languages compare to that of C# or Ruby? To that of C++ or Java? What are macros? What was the motivation for including them in C? What problems may they cause?