Explain how the following changes in aggregate demand or short-run aggregate supply, other things held unchanged, are likely to affect the level of total output and the price level in the short run....

Explain how the following changes in aggregate demand or short-run aggregate supply, other things held unchanged, are likely to affect the level of total output and the price level in the short run.

a. An increase in aggregate demand

b. A decrease in aggregate demand

c. An increase in short-run aggregate supply

d. A reduction in short-run aggregate supply

Explain why a change in one component of aggregate demand will cause the aggregate demand curve to shift by a multiple of the initial change.