Essay of 2500

Running Head: TEACHING METHODOLOGY
Teaching Methodology & Principles
Biblical Principles
For an effective learning and teaching to be in place, it is necessary to follow proper set of guidance and instruction. The set of biblical principles are highly critical and essential in raising children, and, most importantly, teaching them academic material and spiritual truths. The detailed discussion of biblical principles governing children’s learning and growth are:
a) Principle of attention: As a basic principle, teachers or parents are required to pay full attention to their children and students before communicating any important instruction or guideline. For ensuing that children are paying full attention to parents and teachers’ instruction, there are some guidelines. These guidelines include establishing eye contact especially with the young children (Wilhoit and Ryken, 2012).
However, it is not possible to establish eye contact with autistic children or children having pervasive developmental disorders. But, if possible, parents and teachers should establish eye contact. It strongly helps in establishing a truly effective connection between parents and children. Secondly, parents and teachers should prepare a list of specific guidelines stated or taught to children in positive manner. Instead of formulating set of formal rules and dictating it to children, specific set of guidelines are more useful and meaningful. These guidelines also need to be posted in a nearby location of teaching in order to point it directly, whenever required.
b) Principle of praise: Whenever children or students are good, parents should certainly praise them. In this, parents should avoid using gushy language such as ‘You are so smart’ and likewise. Instead, language or words telling children exactly that they have done something good is more understandable for children. Parents should ensure that children are following and understanding their guidelines or instructions. Only on this, they will enjoy appraisal made by their parents and teachers. It is also advisable that teachers should praise well-behaved students following rules and instruction, at the same time, avoiding confronting a misbehaving child directly in a large group. There are considerable amount of research done in this regard proving that children depict positive behaviour, if guidelines related to praise are carefully followed (Winston, 2018).
Praising is highly effective in bringing about a strong desire to change unruly behaviour and confronting misbehaviour. For this, it is necessary to use specific statements rather than making categorical judgements. Also, children should also be stated the reason for disapproval allowing them to make necessary changes in his or her behaviour. In this context, parents or teachers can also ask certain questions to their children for correcting their behaviour. These rules are asking child, ‘what he or she is doing’, what nature or kind of rule he or she broke. Whom did he hurt? What should he or she is expected to do in future, etc (Brown, 2017).
c) Principle of encouragement: Parents and teachers are expected to set up new challenges and benchmark for encouraging their children to perform at their best. They can speak something such as ‘let’s see if you can finish or complete the task in certain specific period of time’. It acts as fun for children to compete with their teacher, gives them tremendous boost of confident to ‘win’ and achieve the target. However, it is advised that if parents are consistently getting wrong answers or finding their children unable in doing certain or specific nature tasks, they should quickly change gears to a different task or activity that children are quite familiar with in order to encourage them to come up with some success and achievement.
Occasionally, it can be a good idea to push a child who is ‘stuck’, but parents should not humiliate him or her in any manner. Rather, parents should create anxiety in their child that they are very close and capable of achieving certain specific type of task or activity. In case, parents are finding their child frequently falling behind or struggling in achieving something, they are expected to analyse and evaluate whether all the prerequisite skills are mastered or trained. Continuous back-up, re-teach and review material is necessary for sensing child to move ahead and allowing learning so many new things and aspects (Wilhoit and Ryken, 2012).
Constructivism, humanism or post-modernism and its impact on early childhood teaching and learning
Constructivism is a contemporary model of early childhood learning and development dictates how children learn and develop their own knowledge on the basis of experience they are getting from the opportunities in the environment. This philosophy of learning is based on the premise that learning is constructed on the basis of experiences and understanding of the world we used to live in. Everyone in the world generates and defines their own ‘rules’ and ‘mental models’ for sensing one’s experiences. Learning is, therefore, simply understood as the process of adjusting or incorporating mental models to accept and accommodate new experiences (Moore, 2017).
With respect to the impact of constructivism on childhood learning, it is stated that learning is a search for meaning. Student should start or precede learning with the issues...