Engineers continuously strive to reduce fuel consumption and emissions from combustion engines through new designs. Some interesting technologies such as VVT and variable compression (VC) in...

Engineers continuously strive to reduce fuel consumption and emissions from

combustion engines through new designs. Some interesting technologies such as

VVT and variable compression (VC) in combination with other technologies

show to give a reduction in fuel consumption without compromising on driving

performance. Utilization of these technologies leads to requirement of compression ratio or effective compression ratio determination. Explain how effective

compression ratio can be determined from in-cylinder pressure data for the

engine operating with VVT technology. Discuss the parameters which affect

the effective compression ratio such as intake valve closing timings, engine

speed, etc.