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ENEG20003 – Sustainability Studio 2-Written assessment Learning outcomes 3 and 4 assessed Submission due: Friday, April 24, 2020 (11 PM AEST) Weight: 20% Minimum marks: 50% Objectives For this assessment, students can get ideas from week 3-5 class lectures, referred textbooks, and week 2-5 reading materials. Students should search for the relevant topics from CQU online library, and or internet search. Students will be able to familiar with another issue (different from 1-written assessment and team project) facing our planet, its causes with its sustainable solution. Learning outcome 3: Apply a systematic design process (systems engineering) to develop solutions to an issue Learning outcome 4: Demonstrate self-awareness of thinking processes and values, including socio-ecological thinking and uncertainty Questions and marks (Total marks: 20). Q1.Identify and title a sustainability issue (different from Written assessment 1 and your Team Project) that addresses the socio-ecological aspect. In the introduction, include your concern on the socio-ecological aspect (Marks: 06). Q2.What do you understand by the term “sustainable design”? Explain the different sustainable design criteria. Discuss how the issue that has been identified in Q1 can be mitigated applying sustainable design criteria (Marks: 07). Q3. Discuss the uncertainty aspect of the sustainable solution that has been discussed in the earlier part of Q2 (Marks: 04). Q4. Conclude your work (Marks: 03). Assignment Submission The assignment (above questions) should be written in a report format and include: · Cover page, student name and id, the title of the topic, introduction, body and conclusion. · Page number, headings and subheadings where appropriate. · Tables, graphs and charts should be used where appropriate to support your discussion. · Appropriately and accurately reference (both in-text and list) the work of 3rd parties, words, Figures/Tables etc. in accordance with the CQUniversity's Harvard referencing guide. · References should be added at the end of the assignment and documented according to CQU referencing standards. · No page limits, within 1500 words. Electronic File Submission Assignments must be submitted electronically in Moodle ("MS Word" format NOT pdf) When saving your assignment, ensure you use the following file format: Example: First name & ID_ENEG20003_Assignment name.docx Assessment Criteria The following criteria will be used to evaluate your assignment. · Demonstration of knowledge and understanding of concepts (30%). · Evidence of research beyond own experience and unit material (15%). · Clarity of expression, including the use of terminology, ease of reading, spelling and grammar, orderly and logical presentation and use of diagrams as appropriate to illustrate points (25%). · Use of appropriate referencing both in-text and in the reference list (20%). · Complaint to the instructions (example: cover page, page number, heading, subheading, word count, electronic file submission etc) (10%). · Marks will be deducted as per CQU policy for late submission without prior approval of the extension. · According to CQU policy, students will be penalised for any unacceptable similarity percentage. · Marks could be deducted if word count exceeds 1500. ENEG20003 – Sustainability Studio Written assessment 2 HEADING ENEG20003: Sustainability Studio Week 3 Chapter 7 Lecturer: Nurun Nabi Email:
[email protected] All slides have been taken from (unless otherwise mentioned) Sustainability Principles and Practice: Margaret Robertson (2014); Routledge (Taylor & Francis Group) Lecture content • Uneven distribution of water • Depletion of nonrenewable aquifers • Threats to human and ecosystem health • Consumption • Effects of climate change • Water conservation • Wastewater treatment • Storm water 2 • Freshwater available for use is small percentage of total water U .S . G eo lo gi ca l S ur ve y (U S G S ) Distribution 3 Hydrologic cycle • Water constantly recycles • Volume does not change • Renewable resource N at io na l O ce an ic a nd A tm os ph er ic A dm in is tr at io n (N O A A ) 4 Processes Transpiration: Water evaporates through plant leaves Surface run off: Flows over the land surface Snow melt water, rain water etc Infiltration: Water from land surface passes to the soil Condensation: Water Vapour to liquid water Air rises>cools water vapour>forms clouds>precipitation 5 Uneven distribution • Water scarcity = demands not met • Because of • Uneven distribution • Overuse • Pollution Uneven distribution California Central Valley Project U .S . G lo ba l C ha ng e R es ea rc h Pr og ra m 6 Aquifer: large deposit of groundwater U S G S 7 According to Merriam-Webster, aquifer is “a water-bearing stratum of permeable rock, sand, or gravel” • Overpumping saltwater intrusion U S G S Zone of dispersion: saltwater and freshwater mixing zone 8 Zone of dispersion: saltwater and freshwater mixing zone Overpumping causes • Depletion of ground level water • Saltwater flows to the direction of fresh water decrease fresh water 9 Threats to human, ecosystem health Pollution of aquifers U S G S 10 Threats to human, ecosystem health • Depletion of aquifers loss of biodiversity USGS C en te rs f or D is ea se C on tr ol , A ge nc y fo r To xi c S ub st an ce s & D is ea se R eg is tr y Hyporheic zone Zone of surface water and shallow ground water 11 Consumption Virtual water: total amount of embedded water (water footprint) Embedded water: used for nonfood or food products Example: new blue jeans Virtual water content: 3000 gallons/pair 12 Virtual water 1 lb wheat: 172 gal 1 lb beef: 1500 gal 13 Consumption Heavy consumption by: • Power plants • Agriculture • Manufacturing U .S . G lo ba l C ha ng e R es ea rc h Pr og ra m 14 Bottled water • Questionable quality • Energy and resource consumption • 3 gal virtual water/ 1 gal bottled water • Plastic bottles • Made of petroleum • Sent to landfills • Pollution when incinerated • Harmful to marine wildlife U .S . D ep ar tm en t of D ef en se 15 Residential water conservation • Water audit: the first step • Technical measures • Water-saving fixtures • Water-efficient landscapes • Behavioral measures – supported by: • Mailings • Educational programs • Water audits 16 Cooling systems: major commercial water consumers • Some medical facilities, machine tools, and older cooling equipment • Cooling tower 17 Domestic water use • Domestic water • Fixtures: toilets, showerheads, faucets • Appliances: clothes washers, dishwashers C en te rs f or D is ea se C on tr ol 18 Irrigation • Use mulch to retain moisture • Use native or regionally adapted plants; avoid lawns • Use drip irrigation Landscapes: Drip irrigation in People’s Garden, USDA Headquarters 19 Irrigation • World’s largest consumer of water • Conventional irrigation: most runs off • Organic farming: moisture is retained Agriculture: N R C S 20 Desalination • Expensive • But sometimes the best option • High energy consumption N O A A / C lim at e. go v mgd: million gallons per day 21 Rainwater harvesting • Collect rainwater • Store • Use later Ladybird Johnson Wildflower Center, Austin, Texas 22 • Catchment area • Conveyance • Filtration • Storage • Distribution • Purification, if for potable use Rainwater harvesting components: nonpotable use purification conveyance catchment 1st filtration storage conveyance distribution distribution potable use 23 Filtration: roof washer, first-flush downspout Ziliker Park, Austin, Texas 24 Graywater • Bathroom sinks, showers, bathtubs, clothes washers • Not kitchen sinks or toilets • Some jurisdictions allow graywater for nonpotable uses • Usually purple pipe 25 Wastewater treatment Sewage treatment Mechanical removes solids Screening removes debris Settling removes girts Secondary treatment with bacteria Tertiary treatment includes filtering and disinfection 26 Sewage treatment process 27 • Sewage passes > anaerobic lagoons (no oxygen), bacteria decompose sewage material and produce odours and CH4 gas • Sewage than flows to aerobic ponds (here N2 and clumps are removed) • Solid clumps are easily from the wastewater during flowing the sewage in to settling tanks • The water then enters the final lagoon. • UV light and Cl2 may be used for further treatment of water. CH4 gas can be used as a fuel Source: https://www.melbournewater.com.au/community-and-education/about-our-water/sewerage/western-treatment-plant/sewage-treatment-process Stormwater • Stormwater = rain • Some intercepted by leaves, branches • Some infiltrates into soil • Some collects in pockets • Remainder runs off surface: runoff N R C S 28 Stormwater Bioswale • Vegetated linear depression • Cleanses, infiltrates stormwater Convention Center Portland, Oregon 29 Thanks Questions? 30 Slide Number 1 Slide Number 2 Slide Number 3 Slide Number 4 Slide Number 5 Slide Number 6 Slide Number 7 Slide Number 8 Slide Number 9 Slide Number 10 Slide Number 11 Slide Number 12 Slide Number 13 Slide Number 14 Slide Number 15 Slide Number 16 Slide Number 17 Slide Number 18 Slide Number 19 Slide Number 20 Slide Number 21 Slide Number 22 Slide Number 23 Slide Number 24 Slide Number 25 Slide Number 26 Slide Number 27 Slide Number 28 Slide Number 29 Thanks��Questions?