Enabling students to apply their understanding of global health and sustainability by designing an evaluation of a global health initiative. High blood pressure is a risk factor for cardiovascular...

Running Head: GLOBAL HEALTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT    1
GLOBAL HEALTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT     13
PUBH640: GLOBAL HEALTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
ASSESSMENT 3: EVALUATION FRAMEWORK FOR HEALTH PROMOTION
SEMESTER 1, 2019
Table of Contents
Introduction    3
Problem Definition    3
Solution Generation    4
The UK Food Standards Agency Salt Reduction Initiative    4
Logic Model    6
Resource Mobilisation    6
Enablers and Barriers    7
Strategies to Identify the Barriers/Enablers    9
Implementation/Outcome Assessment    9
Qualitative Design to Evaluate Strategy    9
Outcomes to Examine the Impact of the Initiative on the Health Priority Area    10
Assessment of the Outcomes    11
Dissemination    11
Conclusion    12
References    13
Introduction
Global Health Initiatives can be referred to as humanitarian ventures that fundamentally aim to increase and distribute extra monetary resources with the intention to prevent the onset of infectious diseases. Tuberculosis, AIDS, Malaria are some of the most lethal diseases that have contributed to the death of massive populations in the past. The Global Health Initiatives prioritise on areas such as strengthening the health care systems within the emerging nations or ensuring immunisation against these deadly diseases (Trieu et al. 2015).
Throughout history, many global health initiatives have been implemented throughout the world, which represents that necessity of promoting healthy living amongst the citizens of both first and third-world nations. This specific report aims to develop an evaluation framework for such a program. Additionally, the discussion entails the development of tactics to eliminate or constrict the global issue from contributing to the loss of life of worldwide citizens.
Problem Definition
High rates of blood pressure are one of the main contributing factors to the onset of cardiovascular diseases among humans, which plays a significant role in the global burden of human diseases. Excessive intake of dietary salt has been proven to be one of the major contributing causes to the onset of blood pressure, which gradually leads to the development of cardiovascular diseases. As per the dietary recommendations developed by the World Health Organisation (hereinafter WHO), the average salt intake for an average adult person lays somewhere between 2.3 to 2.4 grams (Boon, Taylor & Henney, 2010).
Nevertheless, the current intake of dietary salt is a majority of global populations vary among approximately 9 to 12 grams of salt each day. The reduction of salt intake is one of the most considerable and efficient strategies for the prevention of blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases. The reduction of salt intake is feasible, affordable, and most of all, cost-effective.
Potentially, salt reduction programs may be able to prevent as much as 1.6 million deaths worldwide each year that are associated with cardiovascular diseases (Wyness, Butriss & Stanner, 2012). As represented previously, the current intake of salt among a majority of worldwide populations’ accounts for almost 5 times over the recommendations put in place by WHO. It may be said that in case the ridiculously high amount of salt intake is not decreased, it would only be contributing to an increased rate of cardiovascular disease-related deaths.
Solution Generation
The UK Food Standards Agency Salt Reduction Initiative
    According to WHO statistics, CVDs are the leading contributes to death worldwide. As much as 30% of all yearly global deaths or about 17 million people die each year due to cardiovascular diseases. The most significant element of risk for the onset of CVDs is high blood pressure, which is contributed significantly by excessive intake of salt (Trieu et al. 2015). It has been estimated by WHO that almost 1.6 million worldwide deaths can be prevented if the dietary salt intake of worldwide populations is decreased to 2 grams per day, which depicts almost 1 in every 10 deaths.
In order to promote healthy living among the worldwide populations and to decrease the prevalence of CVDs due to high intake of salt, two strategies have been recommended by major health organisations. These include the development of replacement products for replacing the use of salt in every food items that are consumed every day by the worldwide populations and the reduction of salt intake by promoting the idea and educating the worldwide populations about its causes and effects (Sookram et al. 2015).
However, given that the development of a replacement product would incur extremely high costs, the reduction of salt intake strategy fits national frameworks best as it can offer cost-effectiveness, affordability along with feasibility. The COMA report that aimed to identify the Nutritional Aspects of Cardiovascular Disease determine sodium to be one of the most major determinants of the prevalence of high blood pressure among the United Kingdom citizens. Afterwards, it was recommended by the Committee that the average intake of dietary salt among the adult populous of the nation, which accounted for 9 grams per day at that time, must be reduced to 6 grams per day.
The UK government-owned SACN committee, after reviewing the presented pieces of evidence, concluded that decreasing the average intake of dietary salt among the citizens would proportionately contribute to lower levels of the average blood pressure along with conferring considerable benefits to the public health through the reduction of CVD burden in the country. The SACN review further concluded that as much as 6% of the deaths within the country that occurred due to the prevalence of CVDs could be exponentially neglected if the initiative was successful in terms of reducing the population that had high blood pressure by 50%.
Following the review presented by the two aforementioned committees, the UK Department of Health, as well as, the UK Food Standard Agency (hereinafter FSA) jointly committed to decreasing the intake of dietary salt among the UK population as per the SACN recommendations. This initiative followed a target, which was to decrease the consumption of salt among the adult populous of the UK by almost 40%. The...