Each problem describes a research situation and the data it produces. Identify the statistical procedure or test that is appropriate for the data. Choose whether the problem requires one of the...

1) Research has demonstrated that IQ scores have been increasing, generation by generation, for years (Flynn, 1999). A researcher would like to determine whether this trend can be described by a linear equation showing the relationship between age and IQ scores. The same IQ test is given to a sample of 100 adults who range in age from 20 to 85 years. The age and IQ score are recorded for each person.

2) Childhood participation in sports, cultural groups, and youth groups appears to be related to improved self-esteem for adolescents (McGee, Williams, Howden-Chapman, Martin, & Kawachi, 2006). In a representative study, a researcher compares scores on a standardized self-esteem questionnaire for a sample of n = 100 adolescents with a history of group participation and a separate sample of n = 100 who have no history of group participation.