Due to global warming and climate change concerns, strong measures are applied to reduce CO2 emissions. The conventional power generation plants are turning into renewable-based, environmentally...

Due to global warming and climate change concerns, strong measures are applied to reduce CO2 emissions. The
conventional power generation plants are turning into renewable-based, environmentally friendly ones, and the
transportation routines also change in this era to reduce the human-driven CO2 emissions in the 2050s. Countries like
EU members, UK, USA, and Canada proposed to ban fossil fuel vehicles, which is called phase-out of fossil fuel
vehicles. In this new era, green and sustainable mobility will be obtained from environmentally friendly sources such as
wind and solar. The critical step here is converting the primary power generation systems into carbon-free techniques.
The electricity produced from a carbon-free power generation system could be directly used in cars, like solar cars. The
electricity generated could also be stored in batteries to supply the electric vehicles. Another way of storing electricity
is by producing hydrogen. Hydrogen is one of the best energy carriers with its high energy content on a mass basis. The
hydrogen has an energy content of 120 MJ/kg while the gasoline has 44 MJ/kg. On a volume basis, however, the energy
density is almost one-fourth of the gasoline. Compressed hydrogen storage is one of the best ways of storing high
amounts of energy in limited spaces. In current hydrogen-based pressurized tanks are used in cars to supply the fuel
cells. Such vehicles are environmentally friendly as they use green hydrogen to produce power inside the fuel cell. A
hydrogen refuel station basically involves a renewable power generation system, an electrolyzer, storage tanks, and
compressors. Electrolyzer splits the water into oxygen and hydrogen. The oxygen and hydrogen are stored in separated
tanks to use for different purposes in various applications. In a refuel station, a compressor is used to pressurize the
hydrogen to store in large vessels. In such a system, a compressor increases the gage pressure of hydrogen pressure from
5 bar to 700 bar. The temperature of the hydrogen increases from -10°C to 30°C from inlet to outlet sections of the
compressor. The high-pressure hydrogen with a constant mass flow rate of 16 kg/h is then stored in a vessel with a
volume of 10 m3
. The radii of the suction and discharge lines of the compressor are geometrically identical and given as
1 cm. The tank pressure is initially at 5 bar, and during the charging process, the temperature hydrogen within the tank
remains constant at 30°C. The vessel also discharges hydrogen with a constant volumetric flow rate of 0.2 m3
/h. Make
reasonable assumptions for any missing data and compute the compressor's energy consumption to achieve the target
gage pressure of 700 bar within the tank.