Due at 2:30PM right now it's 1:48PM. But I need it by 2:20 because I need to translate it back in french
BIO3124 General Microbiology Midterm 2 Professor: Elaine Beaulieu Due: 11th November, 5pm General Instructions: 1. This exam is worth 20% of your final mark. 2. This exam is open book. I encourage you to use any of the materials I have given you for the class (videos, articles, animations, etc…) and the notes you have created while working with this material. All answers can be developed from an understanding of these materials. 3. This is an individual exam; you are not to complete it in groups. Should there be evidence of collaboration or plagiarism on your submitted exam, you will face allegations of academic fraud. 4. You should expect to complete the exam in ~ 75 minutes; you should NOT spend copious amounts of time reading and researching to complete the exam. 5. You can answer this exam in any way you choose/are able. This includes but is not limited to: · Printing the exam, filling it in by hand, then scanning/photographing it. · Answering each question by hand on a blank paper, then scanning/photographing it. *You do not need to recopy the questions to your sheet of paper but be sure to clearly indicate which question you are answering and if you must copy sequences/images/etc… to your sheet, do so very carefully to avoid making errors. · Handwriting your answers digitally. (e.g. with a stylus capable of writing in e-ink) · Typing your responses directly into the file. 6. You may ask questions via email. They will be answered only during regular business hours. Only questions of a technical nature (i.e. – submission issues) will be answered in the final 30 minutes of the exam. 7. Name the digital file (use .pdf format ONLY) containing your completed exam student#_BIO3124_midterm2_surname.pdf (I would name my completed exam – 12345678_BIO3124_midterm2_Beaulieu.pdf). 8. You must submit your completed exam by 5pm on Nov 11th. · Upload a single pdf file with the entire completed exam to the " Midterm 2 Exam" on Brightspace by 5pm on Nov 11th. · You will receive an email confirmation of the receipt of your submission. I do, recognize that last minute issues are at times unavoidable, and I will navigate these with you on a case-by-case basis. If you find yourself unable to submit your file due to technical issues (e.g. – computer crash, poor internet connectivity, etc.) you should do the following if possible: · avoid re-opening your exam file after the deadline · contact me as soon as you are aware an issue has arisen · if possible (i.e. – using your data plan or an alternative internet connection), send me your exam file via email Helpful Hints and Tips: · If completing the exam digitally, it is recommended that before beginning to write, that you name and save the document and activate any automatic save function that your software may have. · If scanning/photographing your exam to digitize a handwritten file, you may find it helpful to use a free app/program such as clear scanner (for android or iPhone) or pdf merge (web based) to compile multiple pages into a single file. Academic Integrity Statement Please complete the section below and submit it with your exam. If completing the exam by hand on blank paper, you do not need to re-copy the academic integrity statement, but you must sign your document. Academic honesty includes, amongst other things: · Referencing outside sources you have consulted, should you consult any. · If quoting material, referencing where the quote was sourced, even text from the professor’s slides or textbook material. · Not consulting with classmates to get answers or discuss exam questions. · Not use a third-party website (Chegg or other) to get exam answers or publish exam questions. I have completed this assignment independently. _____yes__ (initial here) I will keep the contents of this examination confidential. ___YES____ (initial here) By signing this statement, I am attesting to the fact that I have reviewed the entirety of my submitted work and that this assessment meets all of the rules in uOttawa’s Academic Regulations about Academic Integrity. I confirm that I did not act in any way that would constitute cheating, misrepresentation, or unfairness, including but not limited to, using unauthorized aids and assistance, impersonating another person, or providing unauthorized assistance to someone else. Date: _________Thursday Nov, 11, 2021_______________ Name (print/type): Raphael Junior Sambayi Mavoungou Student # : 0300218336 BIO3124 Midterm 2 1. Each of the following statement FALSE. Tell me what is incorrect with the statement and correct it when possible. (1 point each answer) For example, if the statement says: the sky is red during daytime. You would answer: the sky isn’t red during daytime, it is blue. a) Staphylococcus aureus use MreB proteins to organize their morphology (shape) into cocci. Staphylococcus aureus do not use MreB proteins to organize their morphology into cocci. MreB proteins are involved in organization of rod-shaped bacteria. b) Most bacteria will have maximum growth in a glucose-rich environment such as maple syrup. Most bacteria will have maximum growth in a glucose-rich environment except for media containing sucrose like maple syrup. Sucrose is very abundant in nature and highly concentrated outside of the bacterial cell, which causes the bacterium to lose water. Without enough water the bacterium can’t grow or divide. c) The table below shows that Streptococcus pyogenes is a facultative halophile. No, the table shows that Streptococcus pyogenes is intolerant to salt concentrations. d) Your lab supervisor asks you to grow a new bacterium they got from a collaborator. You grow them in the suggested nutrient-rich media, and you notice that as the log phase growth progresses, the bacteria seem to turn purple. You mention it to your supervisor and ask whether it is the gradient from very high to low nutrient bioavailability that induces metabolic changes which induces the production of a purple pigment. Your supervisor tells you that is unlikely. What is a more plausible conclusion? Note: The metabolic changes statement is wrong, the “plausible conclusion” is this case is the correction of the false statement, ie the more plausible conclusion. It is possible that the new bacterium in the culture broth is gram positive bacteria because gram positive grows in selective nutrient rich media (eg. Mannitol salt agar) and retains purple color during exponential growth phase. e) The organism in Tube B is microaerophilic. The organism in Tube B is not microaerophilic. It is a facultative anaerobe. f) I obtain energy from the oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds such as sulfide, ammonia, and hydrogen, and use carbon dioxide as carbon source. I am a chemoheterotroph. I obtain energy from the oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds such as sulfide, ammonia, and hydrogen, and use carbon dioxide as carbon source. I am a chemoautotroph or chemolithotroph. Wound infections in burn victims After a horrible fire ravaged a bloc of flats, several residents were brought to the hospital for mild to severe burn treatments (see Table 1). Table 1: Patients admitted at the hospital following the fire. Name Age (years) Medical condition Sandra 63 Second-degree burns on 40% of her body Marco 19 Deep third-degree burns on 90% of his legs Alexandre 29 Deep third-degree burns on 35% of his legs Matthieu 58 Superficial burns on his arms and legs Maddie 38 Partial thickness burns on her left arm Matthieu and Maddie, who were less severely burned, were treated with various topical anesthetic ointments and antibiotics, they were released from care and made full recoveries. Severely burned Sandra, Marco, and Alexandre were all moved to an isolated section of the ICU and initially treated through intravenous (for fluid resuscitation) and intra-arterial (for invasive blood pressure monitoring) catheters. Figure 1. Second-degree burn. “Second-degree burns are often red, wet and very painful”. “Third-degree burns are generally leathery in consistency, dry, insensate, and waxy.” Robert L Sheridan, MD, Initial Evaluation and Management of the Burn Patient, Medscape article. After being treated for shock and after their conditions were stabilized, Sandra, Marco, and Alexandre were treated in the hydrotherapy room (warm running water) twice daily for 2-3 days. Hydrotherapy can stimulate recovery and act as a pain relief for burn victims. However, the patients soon started exhibiting signs of infection with high fevers/malaise, and their wounds started emitting sweet-like odors. Dr. Moochin, the physician in charge of Sandra, Marco and Alexandre, was very worried about the symptoms her patients were exhibiting. She suspected bacterial infections and without waiting for diagnostic results, she immediately prescribed antibiotics for all 3 patients. Figure 2. Hydrotherapy room for burn victims. Image source: National Academy of Burns India. During the twice daily dressing changes, wound exudates (fluid that leaks out from the lymph and blood into injured tissues) were collected from each patient using a sterile collection system, and bacterial culture tests were performed to confirm the presence of bacterial infection. After gram staining, microscopy examination showed that the isolates from all patients in the ICU were dominated by blue/purple coccoid cells, indicating a Staph infection. However, Marco’s wounds were colonized by both red/pink rods and blue/purple coccoid cells. The rods were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the cocci were Staphylococcus aureus. To make sure the antibiotics she had prescribed would treat the bacterial infections, Dr. Moochin asked for an antibiotic sensitivity test, which all came back positive. When the patient’s general conditions did not respond after days of high-dosage antibiotic treatment, Dr. Moochin consulted with her colleagues about what to do next. Dr. Moochin and her colleagues suspect that the bacteria causing the infection in her patients are resistant to the antibiotics, but not because of genetic resistance. She decided to ask the clinical microbiology lab to determine the biochemical profile of the bacteria causing infections in her patients, in an effort to understand the nature of the persisting infections. Several tests were made on the samples collected from patients’ wound. Dr Moochin was aware of the various other ways bacteria can transiently survive antibiotic treatments and wanted to know which mechanism was at cause. Knowing the cause could help her treat her patient in the best possible way. To do so, she ordered the following molecules to be measured