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Please follow the Harvard brief guide of my university for proper referencing, file attached. I also would like you to include information from the following source and reference accordingly including the page numbers, as well as the use of external scholarly sources.



Jackson, R, Jarvis, L, Gunning, J & Breen Smyth, M 2011,Terrorism: A critical introduction, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke.




















Swinburne Harvard brief guide Information Resources Library Swinburne Harvard brief guide IN-TEXT REFERENCES, REFERENCE LISTS AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES www.swinburne.edu.au/library http://www.swinburne.edu.au/lib Swinburne Harvard brief guide 2 1. The purpose of Harvard style Harvard style is an academic citation system that allows you to use and then acknowledge other people’s information and ideas in your own work. Using Harvard style ensures that people who read your work can locate and read the same sources you found helpful; using it also reduces the risk of being accused of plagiarism. Using Harvard style means acknowledging the author of an information source and the date the source was published each time you use their information and ideas by inserting the author’s family name/surname and year of publication in the body of your work. These author and date details, together with all other identifying details (known as bibliographic details) such as the title of an information source and where it was published, are also listed at the end of your work. If you use more than one information source, arrange the sources in a list at the end of your work alphabetically by author surname. Always be consistent when using Harvard style. All information sources of the same type should be treated in the same way. Students are advised to check with their convenor, school, department or faculty which citation style is required, as not everyone in the University uses this style. 2. Acknowledging sources in the body of your work; to paraphrase and to quote The two most important details to acknowledge whenever you use someone’s information are: a) the name(s) of the author, authors or organization who published it, and b) the year they published it. You must insert them each time you use their information in your own work. The details are usually placed at the end of the sentence and are called ’in-text references’, as you are placing them in the text (the body) of your work. The two main ways of using an information source are to paraphrase it or quote it. To paraphrase is to read someone’s information and then write it using your own words and phrasing. To quote is to copy exactly what someone has written and paste it into your work. You should only quote when you feel that the author’s words are perfect and that trying to paraphrase them would weaken their message and power. When you paraphrase or quote, always include the page number or page numbers in the in-text reference, placed after the year it was published. When you quote a sentence, enclose the text in double quotation marks: “ ”. If you quote more than one sentence, then do not use double quotation marks – instead, place the quoted material on a new line, indent the quote and finish with the in-text reference. New text after that quote should commence on a new line and not be indented. For example, consider this sentence from a book: Volunteer programmes are successful when volunteers are working in positions they look forward to undertaking and want to fill. If you copy it from the book and insert it into your work, the in-text reference should look like this: “Volunteer programmes are successful when volunteers are working in positions they look forward to undertaking and want to fill” (McCurley, Lynch & Jackson 2012, p. 78). If you paraphrase it by rewriting the information using your own words and phrasing, the sentence and the in-text reference could look like this: If the volunteers are employed in roles that they want to do, then the volunteer programmes will perform well (McCurley, Lynch & Jackson 2012, p.78) If the author of the work is very well known in their subject field, you may want to include their name as part of your writing. If you do so, you must still include the year of publication (and the page number too, if you are quoting or paraphrasing them). For example: Dawkins (2012, p. 226) states that the universe cannot do good or bad things to humans because it is not a sentient force. If a source does not have a page number (some sources, such as webpages and YouTube videos, do not), simply insert the author’s name and year of publication. If a source has section numbers instead of page numbers (eg. some ebooks; legislation), use ‘s’ instead of ‘p’ and list the section number in the in-text reference. You can still provide an in-text reference even if an information source doesn’t have an author (check carefully first, though). The author detail is replaced by the title of the information source and the title is italicized. Year of publication and page number remain unchanged. For example: Decapsulation of brine shrimp cysts is not necessary but has been carried out by dedicated aquarists for many years as they claim it improves hatching rates (Hatching and raising brine shrimp 2010, p. 2). Authors’ surnames Year of publication Page number Authors’ surnames Year of publication Page number Swinburne Harvard brief guide 3 3. Your Reference List or Bibliography Each time you find a useful information source, keep a record of all its bibliographic details. As well as author and year, other bibliographic details might include the name of the company who published the source; the state, town or suburb the source was published in; what edition number the source is (if not the first); the web address for the source (if you found it on the web); the date that you first found it (if you found it on the web); and other details depending on the type of source. These details all help someone locate and read the same information source you used. These bibliographic details, when arranged in the correct order, are called an entry. Entries are arranged in a single alphabetical list, alphabetically by author surname/family name. This list is either a Reference List or a Bibliography and it is placed at the end of your work. A Reference List is a list of all the information sources you refer to in your work. A Bibliography is a list of all the information sources you refer to and other sources you consulted that were helpful, but do not appear in your work. Ask your convenor which one they require. 4. Books: bibliographic details required For books, the details you must include in the entry are as follows and must be presented in this order: 1. Author(s) – either a person(s) or an organization – or editor(s). Names are presented surname first, initial(s) next. 2. Year of publication. 3. Title – plus the subtitle, if there is one. Place a colon between the title and subtitle. Both are italicized. Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns of book titles should be capitalized. 4. Title of series and volume number, if applicable. 5. Edition – only if this is not the first edition of the book. Edition is abbreviated in the entry as ‘edn’. 6. Publisher. 7. Place of publication – state or city or suburb. Extra information may be provided if there is more than one place with the same name. For example: Rosen, MR & Kunjappu, JT 2012, Surfactants and interfacial phenomena, 4th edn, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ. 5. Articles from newspapers, magazines and journals (except those freely available on official newspaper, magazine or journal web sites): bibliographic details required Many students obtain newspaper, magazine and journal articles via Swinburne Library databases. The details required for those and for articles found in print sources (eg. a magazine purchased in a shop) are: 1. Author(s) – if given. 2. Year of publication. 3. Title of article – enclose in single quotation marks. Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns of article titles should be capitalized. 4. Title of newspaper/magazine/journal. Title should be italicized. The first letter of the first word and the first letter of each major word should be capitalized. 5. Volume and/or issue number. Volume number is given a prefix of ‘vol.’, issue number a prefix of ‘no.’. 6. Day and month, or season – if volume and/or issue number are not provided, or if needed to precisely identify an article. 7. Page number(s) that the article is printed on, if they are included. Note: this is not an estimate of how many printed pages would result from printing the article, but the page numbers given in the database or on the publication itself. For example: Fei, W & Wu, B 2011, ‘Equal-area theorem based direct digital sinusoidal pulse-width modulation method for multilevel voltage inverters’, Australian Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 129-136. 6. Information from the web: recommendation Information sources found on the web can sometimes be the most difficult information sources to acknowledge and create entries for. Please carefully examine the guidelines and examples at the Harvard style complete guide webpage (http://www.swinburne.edu.au/library/referencing/harvard-complete-guide/) – you may find an example there that matches what you are trying to acknowledge. If you cannot, you can build an entry by combining the guidelines for books with the guidelines for other sources; the result will be a hybrid entry. For more information about hybrid entries and an example of one, see Section 8. Authors’ surnames and initials Year of publication Title Edition Place of publication Publisher Authors’ surnames and initials Year of publication Title of article Title of newspaper/ magazine/journal Volume and/or issue number Page numbers Swinburne Harvard brief guide 4 7. Information from the web: bibliographic details required Include as many of the following details in the entry as possible: 1. Author(s) or organization responsible for the webpage – if given. If there is no clearly identifiable author, do not use the name of the Copyright owner
Answered Same DaySep 17, 2020

Answer To: Do you have an expert that can deliver a "High Distinction" mark for this assignment? Please watch...

Abr Writing answered on Sep 20 2020
152 Votes
LIBERTY AND SECURITY IN CONTEMPORARY DEMOCRACIES
Table of Contents
Introduction    3
Discussion   of the approach    3
Relation between the issue and the approach    5
Discussion of the issue    6
Implication of the approach    7
National Implications    8
International Implications    9
Usefulness of selected approach    10
Conclusion    11
References    12
Introduction
Liberty and security is concerned with the right to live in a society. The right to liberty refers to the freedom of an individual to act and believe without being unnecessary judged or stopped. Liberty and security is extremely important for an individual as well as the society. It helps in the society to grow economically,
financially, spiritually and philosophically. The societies which are concerned with the liberty of the individuals tend to enjoy economic freedom. In the current era where terrorism is increasing at an unnatural rate, the need for a secured and liberal environment becomes the center of attention (Jackson et al. 2011, p.100). In this essay the issue of liberty and security in contemporary democracies is selected. The essay provides an insight on the approach which is used in order to mitigate the issue. The approach is discussed and evaluated in detail. The issue of liberty and security is examined and a detailed argument is presented with respect to its relation with the approach. The national and international implications of the issue have been addressed in the later sections of the essay. The essay throws light upon the usefulness of the approach and how it can prove to be beneficial in fighting terrorism.
Discussion   of the approach
A critical approach of strategic management could be undertaken in order to fight terrorism and eliminate the issues surrounding liberty and security in contemporary democracies.  The strategic approach is governed by the determination of acting systematically and harmonizes with the changes that occur in the complex environment. In this strategy the objectives, direction and activities of the individuals is taken into account and a management plan is formulated. The strategic approach deals with the formulation of major goals and chalks out the implementation plans (Kaplan, 2017, p.30). The approach is undertaken on the basis of availability of necessary resources and the internal as well as the external environment is assessed.
The key components of a strategic plan include the following:-
The vision;
The mission to be undertaken;
The aspirations;
The core values;
Analysis of the strengths and weakness of the mission, the opportunities and threats to the mission;
The objectives, which need to be fulfilled;
The strategies, which are required to be undertaken;
The required operational tactics;
The funding streams;
The strategic approach in the form of counter- terrorism is important as it serves as a tool for providing direction and guiding the decisions taken in day-to-day life. It evaluates the progress and also helps in identifying the changes required in the approach for moving ahead. The growing modernization has led to an increase in terrorist attacks almost daily (Smith, 2015, p.3). In this context the society can come forward and frame strategies in order to reduce the possibility of such attacks. The strategic approach that could be undertaken formulates a detailed plan which discusses the steps that should be taken by the government and the society. The strategies formulated for counter terrorism approach include adequate provisions for mental health issues, forming proper governance and establishing a democratic structure. It is important to improve the inter-community cohesion by reducing inequalities in income, the health sector and other life opportunities.
In order to frame strategies for mitigating the issues surrounding liberty and security, first it is important to understand the relationship between liberty and security. This relationship is subject to drastic changes over time and is influenced by political ideologies and circumstances. Maintaining a balance between individual liberty and social security is a vital concern for the contemporary democracies. A strategic approach, which popular democracies need to follow, is the counter- terrorism approach. This approach involves the military tactics and practices, strategies and techniques that the democracies use in order to combat terrorism and bring about liberty and safety in the country (Baker-Beall, Heath-Kelly & Jarvis, 2014, p.10). Liberty and security fall under human rights. It has been argued worldwide that the violation of human rights in fighting terrorism produces counter-productive results. Identification of root causes of the issue is extremely important before undertaking the approach. The Anti-Terrorism Legislation is an effective measure for counter-terrorism approach. The strategic approach for dealing with the issues concerning liberty and security in democratic nations includes more emphasis on preventing domestic violence, conducting a comprehensive campaign for spreading awareness about family violence issues, adaptation of the Policing act of 2008, making necessary amendments to the existing counter-terrorism laws in the country and reviewing the rights, services of the victims for giving them access to support services.
Relation between the issue and the approach
The critical approach chosen for battling terrorism and fostering liberty and security in contemporary democratic nations is the counter-terrorism approach. This approach is critically concerned with the extent to which the government effectively balances the continuous provision of human rights and freedom with appropriate national security level whenever there are chances of terrorist attacks. It is argued that terrorism leads to reduction in liberty and security in contemporary democracies. The counter terrorism approach was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2006. It was finalized through a consensus decision of the assembly members as a strategy which will fight the global terrorism issue. Liberty and security in contemporary societies is a recent phenomenon (Coaffee, 2016, p.1). This issue arises not only in context of terrorism but also social and ethical norms. It has been observed that liberal societies lead to productive economies. Liberty keeps the societies stable.
In this context the importance of security arises. Terrorism is looked at as denial of human rights. In order to establish a safe and secure democracy it is important to eliminate any probable terrorism issue. The contemporary democracies are committed in combating all forms of terrorist attacks and violence acts. The critical approach of counter-terrorism protects the human rights and guarantees fundamental freedom. Adopting a comprehensive...
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