Digital Terrorism and Criminology of Computer Crime" Please respond to the following: List at least three (3) major categories of cyber terrorism and / or information warfare. Among the chosen...

Chapter 2 Digital Terrorism and Information Warfare Chapter Objectives After completing this chapter, you should be able to Define the concepts of “cybercrime,” “cyberterrorism,” and “information warfare.” List the four categories of attacks that encompass cyberterrorism and/or information warfare. Identify various elements of our critical infrastructure that are potentially vulnerable to cyberterrorism and/or information warfare. Define and describe an information attack. Describe some of the tactics used in cyberspace to share information and promote terrorist ideologies between and within terrorist groups. Define the words “stenography” and “cryptography” and relate their use in information warfare and cyberterrorism. Discuss the concept of information warfare from the Russian and Chinese perspectives. Explain the active role of China and al Qaeda in recent cyber attacks against the United States. Introduction Since the beginning of history, warfare has evolved parallel to the development of tools, weapons, and technology. In the twentieth century, warfare developed from hand-to-hand and small weapons combat to sophisticated air combat, and now to the development of electronic “smart” bombs that are programmed to destroy their targets. Traditional means of warfare have been further distorted through the means of technology and also by the escalating events of international terrorist activity. Before September 11, 2001, few would have considered that America’s civil aircraft would have been used as weaponry against America itself. However, al Qaeda operatives did just that, killing over 2,840 people in a few short hours. It should not be a surprise, then, that military and guerrilla offensives could be waged on many fronts, from the skyscrapers of Manhattan to the digital networks that coordinate our critical infrastructure (e.g., the Internet, computer networks, telephone systems, and electricity and water supplies). In fact, the Internet is a critical tool...