Different dependent (target or outcome) variables. There may be differences in how the target variables are conceptualized and operationalized in different studies, thus reducing the likelihood of...

Different dependent (target or outcome) variables. There may be differences in how the target variables are conceptualized and operationalized in different studies, thus reducing the likelihood of identical results. Example: Ernesto’s community action group defined “neighborhood solidarity” in terms of its effectiveness in obtaining municipal services, defined as trash removal, rat control, and the expansion of bus service during early morning hours. While Juan used the same term, neighborhood solidarity, with a similar ethnic group in a different neighborhood, the meaning of the term had to do with the neighbors presenting a united front in the face of the school board’s arbitrary removal of a locally popular principal.