Details of the assignment:
Considering the research aim that you drafted in the discussion forum:
- Identify a suitable qualitative research methodology to address this aim and defend your choice AND then
- Identify a data collection method, including the sampling and recruitment strategy that you would use with this research aim and methodology, justify your choice and explain important aspects of the method.
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Assignment cover page Student number: Student name: Unit: HLSC646 Qualitative Research Methods Assignment Title: Assignment 2: Data collection/Analysis Word Count: xxx Identify a suitable research methodology to address the research aim Introduction The aim formulated in assignment 1 was to investigate the views and experiences of XXX to gain understanding of factors associated with XXX. The research methodology that would address this aim best is phenomenology. Phenomenology is a common research methodology in qualitative research that is used to explore the way a person experiences or understands the world around them (Wilson, 2015). Phenomenology also aims to understand the meaning in these experiences and how the person makes sense of these experiences (Wilson, 2015). Further to this, phenomenology allows exploration of feelings, practices and cognitions as it is found that these are intertwined in human experience and life (Wilson, 2015). This paper will describe the research methodology and data collection method that will be utilised to achieve the identified aim. Methodology Phenomenology has different subtypes and this study will utilise descriptive phenomenology in particular. Descriptive phenomenology is the method of describing how things appear to the participant without interpretation from the researcher (Balls, 2009). This involves the researcher encouraging and allowing the participant to describe in depth an experience or their views and the researcher being open to anything that may emerge (Wilson, 2015). In utilising descriptive phenomenology, deep investigation into human aspects of a situation will occur and therefore this is an ideal methodology for this study where the aim is to investigate all the factors that are associated with XXX (Balls, 2009). Assumptions Additionally, descriptive phenomenology is a suitable research methodology to address the aim of this study because it allows for understanding, uncovering, explication and empowerment (Wilson, 2015). Therefore, this methodology will allow understanding of sensations, emotions, individual meaning and personal implications (Wilson, 2015). It will allow for uncovering the researcher’s own assumptions to view the phenomena, explicating experiences that are not understood and empowering people to promote understanding of others (Wilson, 2015). Conceptual framework Descriptive phenomenology is guided by the concept of bracketing. Bracketing is when the researcher maintains objectivity by putting aside his or her own beliefs, assumptions or views to openly investigate the views and experiences of the participants (Balls, 2009). The researcher also cannot be prejudiced against the participants or their views as this is essential for the gathering of new meaning to emerge from the study. This is particularly important in this study as this research topic can be controversial and there is a divide between XXX groups and XXX groups. Finally, it is noted that although descriptive phenomenology focuses on describing the phenomenon, the method does involve some interpretation from the researcher (Giorgi, 2012). However, this interpretation is allowed of data that has been collected in that particular study (Giorgi, 2012). Data collection method Considering the research aim and descriptive phenomenology methodology utilised this study, the data collection method of choice is face to face interviews. This is because interviewing will allow the researcher to obtain a rich, in depth picture of the participant’s experience in the world and an understanding of the world they live in (Josselson, 2013). Interviews will also allow the researcher to explore how the participants engages in the world and their reality (Josselson, 2013). This in-depth interaction with the participants will therefore allow the researcher to have an insight into the phenomena of experiences and views of XXX. One of the advantages of face to face interviews is that the researcher will be able to record and note down participant’s non-verbal cues (Mitchell, 2015). Face to face interviews will also help establish rapport between the interviewer and the participant which can result in more meaningful in-depth interviews (Mitchell, 2015). Sampling The sampling method to be utilised in this study is non-probability purposive sampling as the study is interested in selecting participants from the population of interest, who are xxx. It is also hypothesised that the technique of snowball sampling may be used in this study to recruit further participants from the participants that will be originally recruited. Ethical considerations Ethics – a statement about ethics – if you are collecting human data, ethics approval will need to be obtained. Here you could say, prior to recruitment, an ethics application will be submitted to the Research Ethics Office for approval, or similar. Ethical considerations will also include obtaining consent from the participant and the signing of consent forms between the interviewee and interviewer before the interview which will also build rapport and honesty (Josselson, 2013). Recruitment – how will you recruit participants into your study Method For a phenomenology research methodology, the interviews will be conducted as semi-structured (Balls, 2009). Compared with structured interviews, semi-structured interviews will use open-ended questions to allow the participants to talk freely to the interviewer similar to an informal conversation (Balls, 2009). In the interview, the researcher will encourage the participant to story tell and open up about experiences past and present and their views on the topic of interest (Balls, 2009). The interviewer will facilitate and guide the interview and will only ask questions when if needed to seek clarification or further exploration (Balls, 2009). Data collection tool Semi structured interviews still use an interview guide but it is noted that the interview guide does not need to be followed in a linear path (Mitchell, 2015). The interview guide will have some questions the interviewer can use to guide the interview back to the topic being investigated if the participant is off topic or the interviewer can use back up questions to encourage conversation if the participant has not opened up to conversation (Mitchell, 2015). For semi- structured interviews, the interview guide will still be used to open and conclude the interview and may include thanking participants and explaining any further interviews that are needed (Balls, 2009). An important aspect of semi structured interviews is that the interviewer should not interrupt the participant’s dialogue with questions as this could jeopardise the participant’s direction and story (Mitchell, 2015). Therefore, a broad interview guide in semi-structured interviews helps the interviewer guide the interview so that important details are not missed (Mitchell, 2015). Data collection process Building rapport is an important aspect of interviewing and rapport between the interviewer and interviewee can be established through transparency and honesty (Mitchell, 2015). This involves the interviewer being honest with the interviewee and explaining that the contents of the interview will remain confidential which may lead to the interviewee speaking more freely and candidly (Josselson, 2013). Active listening, being open and non-judgmental is another important aspect of interviewing and this enables the researcher to explore areas that have been raised by the participant that were before undiscovered by the researcher (Mitchell, 2015). It is also important because human experiences are layered and there are different complexities in how things are linked to one another (Josselson, 2013). There are also important practical aspects of face to face interviews to note. Face to face interviews should be conducted in a neutral, quiet and undisturbed location where participants feel relaxed and comfortable (Balls, 2009). This is important because creating an interview environment that is comfortable will help participants feel free to speak openly and honestly to the interviewer about their lives and relevant experiences, feelings, thoughts and views (Josselson, 2013). Lastly, an important aspect of face to face interviews that can be overlooked is ensuring that the interviews be audio- recorded and transcribed (Balls, 2009). For example, a lapel or remote microphone can be used to record the interview (Josselson, 2013). There are multiple methods available and it is important the researcher chooses a recording process that is discreet and unobtrusive to the interviewee and interview (Balls, 2009). Summary Summarise the content of the paper. No new information = no citations should be necessary References Balls, P. (2009). Phenomenology in nursing research: methodology, interviewing and transcribing. Nursing Times, 105(32), 30-33. Giorgi, A. (2012). The descriptive phenomenological psychological method. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 43, 3-12. Josselson, R. (2013). Chapter 1: Interviewing for qualitative inquiry: A relational approach. Interviewing for qualitative inquiry. (pp. 1-11). London: The Guilford Press. Mitchell, G. (2015). Use of interviews in nursing research. Nursing Standard, 29(43), 44-48. Wilson, A. (2015). A guide to phenomenological research. Nursing Standard, 29(34), 38-43.