Describe the ideology behind each of the five major sentencing philosophies.
Every country determines its own criminal sanctions, and the range of sentences is diverse. Some nations use corporal punishment to include whippings, caning, and amputations. Although punishment in early American colonies included ordeals, corporal punishment, and torture, the United States has abolished corporal punishments as a criminal sentence. In modern day society, punishment is guided by the Eighth Amendment, to prevent cruel and unusual punishment. Sentences are to be unbiased, and should not discriminate upon social characteristics such as race, sex, or religion. There are five modern ideologies behind the purpose of punishment: deterrence, incapacitation, retribution, rehabilitation, and restorative justice.
1. Describe what comprises the use of corporal punishment?
2. Which constitutional amendment prevents the use of cruel and unusual punishment in the United States?
3. Name the five contemporary sentencing philosophies?
4. Which sentencing philosophy focuses on providing restitution for the victim?