DESCRIBE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY, AND IDENTIFY DIFFERENT BEHAVIOURAL APPROACHES. Behavioural therapy is grounded in the scientifi c method and based on learning principles. Exposure therapies confront people with their fears. Exposure can be gradual and stepwise or start with the most frightening scenes imaginable. Modelling techniques, based on observational learning principles, include behavioural rehearsal and role-playing to foster assertiveness. Token economies and aversion therapies are based on operant conditioning principles.
20. A class of procedures that confronts patients with what they fear with the goal of reducing this fear is called __________ __________. (p. 622 )
21. During __________ __________, clients are taught to relax as they are gradually exposed to what they fear in a stepwise manner. (p. 622 )
22. What is in vivo exposure therapy and how can it help people with a fear of fl ying? (p. 622 )
23. Patients are exposed right away to images of stimuli that they fear the most for prolonged periods during __________. (p. 623 )
24. A crucial component of fl ooding is __________ __________, in which the therapist blocks clients from performing their typical avoidance behaviours. (p. 623 )
25. Defi ne vicarious learning and provide an original example. (p. 624 )
26. During __________ __________, the therapist fi rst models a problematic situation and then guides the client through steps to cope with it. (p. 624 )
27. In __________ __________ programs, desirable behaviours are rewarded through the consistent application of operant conditioning principles. (p. 624 )