Crude oil is warmed to reduce its viscosity and make it easier (less costly) to pump. In one section of the pipeline, the pipe itself is made of low-carbon (1C), 4 nominal, schedule 40 wrought steel....

Crude oil is warmed to reduce its viscosity and make it easier (less costly) to pump. In one section of the pipeline, the pipe itself is made of low-carbon (1C), 4 nominal, schedule 40 wrought steel. Th e inside-wall temperature of the pipe is 50°C. Th e convection coeffi cient between the outside pipe surface and the surrounding air is 3 W/(m2 · K). Th e surrounding air temperature is 25°C. a. Determine the heat loss per unit length from the pipe. b. A 3 cm thick insulating layer of kapok is added. Determine the heat loss per unit length of the insulated pipe, assuming __ hc is unchanged.