Criminal Justice in the Community week 10 Individual Week 10: Week Ten - Individual Work Note You must not copy and paste information. Do not copy or paste information / Please ……. (In your own words, referencing) Just make sure to cite the source in-text or use your own word, and paraphrase it. Only 100 words Instructional Objectives for this activity: Compare and contrast the impact of positive and poor relationships between the community and police organizations. Individual Work Senior citizens are often victims of assault, abuse and fraud, among other crimes. Since we currently have more older adults than ever before, perhaps it is time for the police to change their tactics in order to protect them. Please answer the following questions: Open the question up a Answer and answer 2 question • What changes in police services do you feel need to be addressed in order to best meet the needs of an aging population? • What impact will the aging population have on community policing and community relations initiatives? Please remember that your homework assignment should be written in your own words. You cannot simply find an article and cut and paste it and then submit it as your assignment. You should use scholarly resources to support your opinion, however citing your work and giving authors appropriate credit is very important. If an idea is not your own, you must cite your work – this includes paraphrasing. (Please refer to the school's plagiarism policy for more information). Furthermore, all citations and references need to be in APA format. Chapter 13, "Complaints and the Police," pages 363-384. Chapter 14, "Issues Related to Special Populations," pages 387-440. Please remember that your homework assignment should be written in your own words. Complaints and the Police: Nearly every day one can read the newspaper or watch the news and learn about some form of misconduct by police officers. These reports are not limited to particularly notorious cases; they also include those that are less dramatic. These incidents become publicized not only because of media attention but also because there is an open process of accepting complaints by law enforcement agencies. Historically, police departments discouraged complaints against officers, feeling that the public, "didn't understand" the stresses facing the police. This attitude has changed for a variety of reasons which include managing by values, increased professionalism, and community policing. Many police departments are now urging citizens to report abuses of police authority (Carter, 2002, p. 363). It must be clear: Overall, police agencies want to know about officers whose behavior is improper. Philosophically, this is important because of the responsibility the police have to the community. Pragmatically, it is important because of the department’s image and the liability police officials can face if they permit abuses of authority to continue. When Sir. Robert Peel said that the police are the public and the public are the police, he was saying something important about police accountability for police actions. We have noted that policing in democratic society is a public, political function. The police are ultimately and clearly answerable to the public for their every move. Because the source of police authority is the community, the responsibility for controlling police behavior also lodges in the community. Police administrators are expected to see to it as an important part of their delegated prerogatives. Should they fail to so it, tp community satisfaction, there are predictable rumblings. Thus, how a police agency deals with complaints about officer behavior is a critical police and community relations consideration, As noted by the U.S.Justice Department’s Community Relations Service, even the best department will receive complaints. The absence of faith in the legitimacy of the department’s complaints complaint procedure has figured prominently in many cities that have been troubled by allegations of misconduct. Police chiefs general recognize the need for an open honest vehicle for members of the general public to seek the redress of their grievances involving alleged police that general public to seek the redress of their grievances involving alleged police misconduct. Most chiefs know that when a department conveys to the public that it is open to criticism and to examining allegations of abuse. Officers can expect to gain the public’s confidence in their policing efforts. The department’s complaint procedure should be set forth in writing regardless of the size of the community or the department. Under social circumstances in which authority systems and authority figures are challenged and questioned especially as to the arbitrary exercise of power it its predicable that police conduct will come under closer scrutiny by the public. This is what has occurred in recent years. Logically, police behavior will tend to be particularly scrutinized by elements of the population (generally speaking, the powerless) who are insisting more and more emphatically that they be counted as part of the community to whom police are accountable. For the police are expected to serve all the people, as with any public institution. Citizens and taxpayers in our society today have acquired that knack of “raising hell” with any all public officials and agencies with whom they have a grievance as a matter of right and duty. Police have become acutely aware of this. Most of this has changed as result of evolving victims’ attitudes, research, and the generally growing awareness of the problems. Domestic crime remains an extraordinarily complex problem with many difficulties which must be resolved to ensure safety and fairness without overtaxing the capabilities of our criminal justice and social systems. As depicted in Figure 14-5, three broad areas of domestic crime are of concern: Child abuse Spouse and partner abuse Elder abuse Child Abuse: the first is physical abuse, perhaps the most widely perceived type of child abuse. Essentially, this is the physical assault of a child and includes such behavior as striking, kicking, and burning children. The rationalizations offered by physical abusers are typically related to the need for discipline,” but tend to be a product of the adult’s weakness to control his or her own behavior rather than failure of the child to “behave”. The second catrhory, sexual abuse, includes any type of sexual assault on a child. Including rape, sodomy, fondling of the genitals, or other sexually oriented behavior involving the child. Increasingly, there appears to be little correlation between sexual abuse and physical abuse since the motivations of the adult’s behavior are entirely different. The sexual abuser, motivated by a psychological aberration, seeks abnormal sexual fulfillment. As in the case of physical abuse, the sexually abused child typically feels that the behavior was his or her “fault,” thereby making discovery of the crime even more difficult. A third category is emotional abuse. A child who is physically and sexually assaulted is also emotionally abused; however, emotional support for separately. Berating a child, not giving a child proper emotional support for growth, failing to acknowledge a child’s accomplishments. Constant verbal abuse, and “name calling” are all forms of emotional abuse. While not as scarring as physical abuse, emotional assaults cause psychological damage, which is extraordinarily difficult both to identify and remedy. The final category, child neglect, poses different problems. Neglect embodies the failure to care for the safety, security, and life sustaining needs of a child. Importantly, child neglect does not inherently relate to a lack of food, clothing, shelter, or a safe environment. It must be viewed in relation to the total ecomic and social condition of the family. For example, a homeless family tarts the children as well as their circumstances permit, this is not neglected. On the other hand, if a wealthy family lets children do what they want when they with virtually no parental supervision, this may be neglect. Unfortunately, it is easier to focus in the lack of tangible evidence related to child growth than it is on the more lasting characteristics of caring and well- being. Young people, the police and the community: Every community (and every police agency) worries a lot about its young people. Adults spend considerable time and money on programs aimed at helping children, to keep them out of trouble.” Adult pundits in every generation are sure that “Kids ain’t what they used to be.” One can agree or disagree with such a statement without knowing what it really means, because there is no way to research it. Worry about children, then, may be the same old generational cycle merely repeating itself. On the other hand, there may be something really special this time around. No one can be sure. While avoiding any such judgment, these are example of the kinds of events that cause the worry: EXCESSIVE FORCE AGAIN: In an earlier chapter, we discussed abuse of authority, looking at the several types thereof and the communication problem that the charge of excessive force symbolizes. Physical and verbal abuses of authority are the grounds of most allegations in citizen complaints against the police. Many incidents involve street confrontations, often in situations in which the police are accused of apprehending a subject for disorderly conduct, then going on quickly to providing “ street justice “ also known as thumping for resisting arrest. The universality of a person an officer may describe as an asshole” embodies a profile of a person who does not respect police authority, who will not respond in a manner the police think he or she should respond, and who is involved in some unlawful act (or perceived unlawful act). This is the person who is likely to be “thumped” and least likely to lodge complaint against an officer. Why? As one officer told the author, “Assholes know who they are. They also know the rules of the game.” The heart of the police officer’s trouble with “the assholes” is the “can’t win” nature of the encounter. If the officer physically abuses a citizen, he or she faces criticism and possible counterattack, probable insolence, and the chance of enhancing the standing of the “asshole,” possible jeers and taunts of bystanders, and loss of respect on all sides, including that of other officers. Police agencies today, taken generally, are doing a better job than was the case ten or fifteen years ago in the statistics and records of citizen complaints. Computers have helped. So have community pressures. Yet the attitude of the police about complaints is still in large measure defensive. Some of the reaction is typically human, and the police have no monopoly on it. Complaints are by their nature threatening, or at least are perceived that way. But some of this attitude is also a carryover of a past when it was Considered useful to perpetuate a certain mystique about what was going on, “behind the scenes,” at the police station. Another point worth nothing is the difference between actual cases of excessive force and what segments of the community believe is happening. This latter belief cannot be dismissed lightly by police managers. The belief is a reality, especially among the poor and minorities. It is, as we have earlier noted, a symbolic term for their generally unfavorable attitude of distrust to –ward the police. Moreover, there is sufficient evidence if actual abuse of authority, physical or verbal, to lend credence to this belief and to fuel the conclusion that excessive force is more common than it really is. The rots of this attitudinal phenomenon are in mutual distrust, as police officers are also the victims, sometimes of force, both physical and verbal. Summary: Special populations” offer challenges to the police in diverse easy. Understandings changing emotional and physical needs as predicated by the natural processes of human life are one dimension. Special needs imposed as a result of interpersonal and intergroup relations throughout the human social community represent another. And anomalies imposed on people as a result of genetic or external factors, which affect physical and / or mental capacities, reflect yet a third dimension of the special challenges for police. Reference: Carter, D. L., Radalet, L.A. (2002). Police and the Community (7th ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall