Consider the following descriptions of a number of processes that take place in a closed system that contains 1 kg of water (H2O) at 250°C and 0.8 bar. The surroundings are at 300 K and 1.02 bar and...

Consider the following descriptions of a number of processes that take place in a closed system that contains 1 kg of water (H2O) at 250°C and 0.8 bar. The surroundings are at 300 K and 1.02 bar and there are no other reservoirs, unless otherwise stated.

a. The volume of the system is doubled at a constant pressure by heating with the help of a reservoir at the lowest temperature allowable to complete the process. b. The volume of the system is doubled at constant pressure by rapid stirring. c. The volume of the system is doubled in an adiabatic and quasistatic process. d. The volume of the system is doubled in an isothermal and quasistatic process by heating with the help of a reservoir at the lowest temperature allowable to complete the process. e. The volume of the system is doubled by expansion into an empty vessel connected to the system by a pipe. For each of the above processes fi nd a. The final state of the system. b. The work and heat interactions of the system. c. The useful work of the system. d. The maximum work for the same extreme states of the system and of the additional reservoir (if one is used). e. The change in the availability of the system and of the reservoir (if one is used). f. The irreversibility of the process.