Consider each of the following situations and identify the presumed cause and the presumed effect. Then discuss the likelihood that the presumed cause actually did produce the observed effect. Explain...

Consider each of the following situations and identify the presumed cause and the presumed effect. Then discuss the likelihood that the presumed cause actually did produce the observed effect. Explain why someone might think these two variables were causally related and then consider the fact that other variables could also have produced the effect.

a. The Republicans passed a law giving a tax break that benefits wealthy Americans. Shortly after the tax break went into effect, the stock market went down, and the economy went into a recession. The Democrats claimed that the tax break caused the economic decline and attempted to repeal the tax break. b. Bill purchased a new piece of software for his computer and installed it immediately. The next time he started his computer, it froze up on him, so Bill concluded that it was the software that caused the computer to freeze