PowerPoint Presentation
Global Threats
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Course Title : Critical Threats to the Global Environment
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Overview
Highest Threat – Civil War
Second Threat – Lack of Education
Third Threat – Poor Health and Sanitization
Fourth Threat – Energy Consumption
References
Assessment of Threat of Civil War
Civil war is the highest form of conflict that promotes organized violence aimed at social group in mission to fulfil their objective.
Whether war is driven to gain justice or not, it is conducted for offensive or defensive it includes most horrendous as well as brutal atrocities to humans
War has resulted in establishing small groups and villages that incorporates larger political chiefdoms
Global Overview of Threat
As a tool of power, a set of institutions—the central government, the armed forces, the regulatory and police agencies—whose most important functions involve the use of force, the control of territory and the maintenance of internal order
War contributed indirectly to the industrialization and technological sophistication that characterize the modern world
Countries most affected by the Threat
Countries which are mostly plagued by this threat is Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Seria
The increasing sophistication of military technology has commanded a large share of resources, totaling $1.63 trillion worldwide in 2010, or about 2.6 percent of the total global domestic product.
Global military spending has been increasing since 1998, with dramatic increases between 2002 and 2008, as a consequence of expenditures for U.S.-led operations after September 11.
Glimpse of Developed Countries & Developing Countries
Countries in Blue represents Advanced Economies
Countries in Yellow represents Emerging and Developing Economies
Countries in Red represents least developed Economies
Third World Countries represents developing and have below mentioned characteristic
Low standards of government and suppressed or no democratic discipline
Inadequate social institutions and initiatives
Under-developed industrialization
Paucity of human rights that can guarantees for citizen
Brief History of Assessment of Threat
Today, education remains an inaccessible and unapproachable right for millions of children around the world.
More than 80 million children who are at the age of primary education are not in the School.
Approximately 750 million adults are illiterate and do not have the awareness necessary to improve both their living conditions and those of their children
Cause of the Threat
Marginalization and Poverty
Lack of Funding for Education
Having untrained Faculties
No Infrastructure
Exclusion Children with disabilities
Countries most affected by Threat
At Macro level, countries like Kenya, Somalia, Haiti, Comoros and Ethiopia that are plagued by poverty are on worsening trajectory.
Overall, employment rate is inclined to be more among adults with education advancement. This trend is seen globally and also displayed in the chart (next slide)
The chart particularly compares the employment rate among the employees with a high school degree against those who are qualified for the job.
Deep diving into the dataset all the countries appear below the diagonal parity line except for Saudi Arabia where the employee market is structured implying higher education rates for those who are more educated
While on the other hand, difference in some countries are huge. For instance, in Slovakia, the employment rate are very poor. People with tertiary education is twice as large as the rate for those with completion of secondary education
Current State of Lack of Education
Poor Health of Population & Health Crisis
Problems like poor healthcare, lack of proper hygiene standards and issues with sanitization that emerge from national boundaries that may be influenced by experiences & circumstances
Climate change
Urbanization
Malnutrition
Health protection, insurance and coverage is crucial for every individual as well the economy of the country because productivity of labor mandates healthy workforce as well as employment effects of health domain
Countries most affected by the Threat
Life Expectancy Standard represents a duration of life expectancy at birth. This corresponds to an estimate of the average number of years a newborn infant would live if the patterns of mortality prevails at the time of birth throughout the life
In low income economies, the average number of years that an infant can expect to live is lower than the high-income countries
Range of life expectancy from just 50 years in the poverty ridden countries is much more than 80 years in developed countries
Mortality in child is much higher in low income countries. In many countrues sub-Saharan Africa more than 12% of children die before they reach the age of five. In developed economies this figure reduces to 1%
Life Expectancy & Child Mortality in Countries
Brief History of Assessment of Threat
Common assets and energy sources, including resources like water, energy and ripe land, are the reason for our life on Earth
Nonetheless, mankind's quickly developing utilization of these assets is causing serious harm. Our atmosphere is changing; new water holds, fish stocks and woods are contracting; rich land is being crushed and species are getting terminated.
To keep on blossoming with this planet, our ways of life should turn out to be more maintainable, so we can ensure our regular asset base and the delicate eco-frameworks on our planet.
The world economy today utilizes around 30% less assets to create one Euro or Dollar of GDP than 30 years back; in any case, generally speaking asset use is still expanding.
Asset proficiency has improved consistently in Europe and around the world. Be that as it may, as we burn-through developing measures of items and administrations, this positive pattern is more than exceeded by the general development of our economies.
Technology and policy
Demand Growth
GDP & pop. growth
urbanisation
demand mgmt.
Security
of Supply
Environmental Impacts
Supply Challenges
Primary Drivers of Energy Trend
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Source: UN and DOE EIA
Russia data 1992-2004 only
Consumption of Energy with Economic Expansion & Development
US
Australia
Russia
Brazil
China
India
S. Korea
Mexico
Ireland
Greece
France
UK
Japan
Malaysia
energy demand and GDP per capita (1980-2004)
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0
5
10
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2017 ET ME LG RT
Renew.*
Hydro Nuclear Coal Gas
Oil
Primary energy consumption by fuel
Billion toe
Energy Outlook scenarios
2040
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10
20
30
40
50
1970
1980 1990 2000 2010
2020 2030 2040
2019 BP Energy Outlook
Evolving transition (ET)
More energy (ME) Less globalization (LG)
Rapid transition (RT)
CO2 emissions
Gt of CO2
Source
*Renewables includes wind, solar, geothermal, biomass and biofuels
Three windows on the energy transition
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5
10
15
Transport Industry
Non-combusted
Buildings
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10
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20 20
Other Africa
Other Asia India
China OECD
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5
10
15
20
Renewables Hydro
Nuclear
Coal Gas Oil
Primary energy demand
End-use sector Region
Billion toe
Fuel
2019 BP Energy Outlook
© BP p.l.c. 2019
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References
Skolnik., R. (2008). Essentials of Global Health. Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Sudbury MA 2008. Chapter 1
Beaglehole., E. (2003). Global Public Health: A new era. Chapter 1
Landon., M. (2006). Environment, Health and Sustainable Development
Bonder, B., Miracle A. (2010). Culture in Clinical Care
Koplan., J. (2009). Towards a common definition of global health The Lancet, Volume 373, Issue 9679, Pages 1993-1995
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05,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,000
GDP per capita (PPP, $2000)
Primary Energy per capita (GJ)
Data
Region Quantity 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
USA E (MBTU) 343.9 332.1 315.7 312.2 324.9 321.1 319.1 326.1 338.1 343.4 338.5 333.7 334.5 336.8 338.9 342.1 349.4 347.4 344.8 346.7 350.6 338.6 340.5 338.5 342.7
E (Gj) 362.8019488285 350.3532072585 333.0536252094 329.3405904913 342.7407363119 338.7135275709 336.680228065 344.0749791436 356.6552375816 362.2488436968 357.1099899318 352.0674282216 352.9013277466 355.3133562015 357.5915210349 360.9563027159 368.6369482644 366.4702785089 363.7501910275 365.7887870298 369.8393632556 357.182898768 359.2764157261 357.091364415 361.5257442549
GDP (2000$) 22,594 22,863 21,967 23,061 24,313 25,167 26,024 26,500 27,090 28,090 28,375 27,991 28,657 29,180 30,004 30,166 30,891 31,814 32,489 33,446 33,970 33,983 34,567 35,373 36,465
CO2 (tons) 20.88 20.15 18.91 18.58 19.45 19.23 19.10 19.60 20.31 20.49 20.04 19.59 19.73 19.86 19.88 19.86 20.32 20.33 20.23 20.25 20.60 20.14 20.01 20.00 20.18
UK E (MBTU) 157.0 151.0 148.6 149.1 149.5 154.3 156.5 158.7 158.2 162.2 161.4 165.1 160.2 164.9 163.8 161.7 171.4 165.6 165.0 164.6 162.6 164.4 161.8 164.4 166.5
E (Gj) 165.6245326537 159.3509470592 156.7636233924 157.2831768503 157.725124004 162.7415581533 165.1471646365 167.4459264538 166.8687645876 171.1001431248 170.2345644199 174.2009731823 169.0290252455 173.9594000999 172.7588034827 170.640276079 180.82162556 174.6689957463 174.0236358134 173.6246785957 171.5672691976 173.4132828657 170.6812113416 173.4323799788 175.7050965081
GDP (2000$) 17,209 16,902 17,271 17,742 18,093 18,822 19,389 20,285 21,193 21,676 21,872 21,442 21,320 21,777 22,520 23,226 23,796 24,438 24,902 25,953 26,332 26,868 27,143 27,605 28,326
CO2 (tons) 10.80 10.53 10.10 10.13 10.04 10.39 10.41 10.57 10.42 10.61 10.41 10.52 9.88 9.96 9.74 9.50 9.96 9.53 9.44 9.28 9.26 9.48 9.27 9.43 9.62
France E (MBTU) 156.7 150.2 144.0 145.6 149.4 152.3 154.0 156.0 154.1 157.8 161.1 170.9 170.9 170.1 169.1 173.4 178.6 176.9 179.9 181.4 183.0 185.8 183.6 184.8 186.1
E (Gj) 165.3139156596 158.4278139214 151.9427493226 153.5621337337 157.6386038292 160.6365233209 162.502814064 164.5544521737 162.5481409417 166.4830887551 169.98461659 180.3289159401 180.3470435534 179.4598020866 178.3566124978 182.9493677559 188.4428005139 186.6128796012 189.8296281614 191.3457530209 193.0325122741 196.0489098023 193.6732608393 194.9192188194 196.3164815735
GDP (2000$) 17,681 17,941 18,517 19,032 19,357 19,721 20,015 20,252 21,057 21,644 21,972 22,082 22,457 21,945 22,452 22,963 23,061 23,509 24,245 24,770 25,698 26,142 26,520 26,493 26,929
CO2 (tons) 9.05 8.17 7.80 7.42 7.15 7.15 6.62 6.49 6.11 6.49 6.49 6.90 6.67 6.36 6.20 6.40 6.64 6.51 6.91 6.78 6.73 6.76 6.66 6.74 6.71
Japan E (MBTU) 130.3 128.6 123.3 120.2 130.4 130.1 129.5 132.7 140.2 144.2 148.6 153.0 154.4 154.8 161.6 165.2 169.2 174.2 170.5 174.1 177.2 174.8 173.1 174.5 177.7
E (Gj) 137.5002893217 135.6538160917 130.1030065189 126.8599170446 137.5575189319 137.3074382857 136.6279746454 139.9905431106 147.870115206 152.1131991594 156.7622910486 161.4272745003 162.9383171922 163.3544537253 170.5081042759 174.3212599924 178.5222534038 183.7370932606 179.8567139126 183.6236130221 186.9209127862 184.3848400915 182.5797027639 184.1406436838 187.4485433321
GDP (2000$) 17,056 17,454 17,777 17,925 18,354 19,136 19,588 20,188 21,458 22,482 23,580 24,288 24,421 24,414 24,618 25,019 25,735 26,064 25,713 25,653 26,220 26,117 25,985 26,270 26,884
CO2 (tons) 8.03 7.84 7.23 6.93 7.46 7.39 7.21 7.27 7.77 7.98 8.21 8.30 8.36 8.37 8.70 8.58 8.78 9.06 8.74 9.09 9.39 9.22 9.33 9.78 9.91
China E (MBTU) 17.8 17.2 17.7 18.5 19.6 20.8 21.6 22.6 23.8 23.8 23.5 24.2 24.8 26.3 28.3 28.9 29.3 30.3 29.6 29.3 30.6 32.0 33.0 38.5 45.9
E (Gj) 18.7519861781 18.1921727449 18.6867914239 19.5021847621 20.6935918305 21.943247527 22.8037982164 23.8705742604 25.0586697488 25.1386279947 24.7913052683 25.576895005 26.2079832633 27.7365869005 29.8263878072 30.5051912051 30.8690617623 31.9717354088 31.2210664744 30.9018925686 32.2590194637 33.7389701376 34.8148881116 40.6207111668 48.3886671196
GDP (2000$) 763 792 849 926 1,051 1,181 1,269 1,395 1,528 1,564 1,596 1,721 1,944 2,199 2,457 2,734 2,971 3,205 3,438 3,654 3,928 4,233 4,568 4,966 5,419
CO2 (tons) 1.48 1.43 1.47 1.53 1.64 1.74 1.81 1.90 1.99 1.98 1.95 2.02 2.06 2.17 2.32 2.36 2.36 2.45 2.35 2.30 2.39 2.49 2.57 3.02 3.62
S. Korea E (MBTU) 44.0 44.1 44.9 49.3 51.9 54.7 59.2 66.0 74.2 80.1 88.9 100.5 111.7 123.6 132.2 144.0 150.2 161.8 148.1 160.7 167.3 168.1 175.6 180.3 185.5
E (Gj) 46.3764641031 46.5020328684 47.4098595819 52.0412876703 54.781178966 57.7555577952 62.4678816069 69.6709919131 78.2374777039 84.4589508281 93.7584370304 106.0085516446 117.8429933004 130.4072014725 139.4845211645 151.8696413497 158.4333818964 170.6883735715 156.2724605707 169.5590114651 176.505303737 177.3483126978 185.2577011523 190.2244457739 195.7455126362
GDP (2000$) 4,848 5,105 5,387 5,858 6,271 6,649 7,267 7,930 8,636 9,088 9,792 10,622 11,146 11,729 12,623 13,597 14,417 14,970 13,995 15,143 16,172 16,627 17,637 18,097 18,840
CO2 (tons) 3.32 3.31 3.42 3.64 3.96 4.04 4.02 4.27 4.91 5.15 5.55 6.22 6.62 7.59 7.90 8.69 8.86 9.44 8.11 9.07 9.35 9.19 9.70 9.85 10.26
Brazil E...