Compute a phi and a lambda for problems 11.1– 11.4. Compare the value of the measure of association with your impressions of the strength of the relationships based solely on the percentages you...

Compute a phi and a lambda for problems 11.1– 11.4. Compare the value of the measure of association with your impressions of the strength of the relationships based solely on the percentages you calculated for those problems.

problems 11.1

Various supervisors in the municipal government of Pearson, Ontario, have been rated on the extent to which they practise authoritarian styles of leadership and decision making. The efficiency of each department has also been rated, and the results are summarized below. Calculate percentages for the table so that it shows the effect of leadership style on efficiency. Is there an association between these two variables? Describe the strength and direction of the relationship.

problems 11.4

A needs assessment survey has been distributed in a large retirement community. Residents were asked to check off the services or programs they thought should be added. Is there any association between sex and the perception of a need for more social occasions? Calculate percentages for the table, and assess the strength and pattern of this relationship.