Complete a summary of the week’s lecture material as per the “Topic summary requirements”. Make sure your summarybriefly describes the roles of an IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, DHCP...

ITECH1002/5002 Networking Assignment
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ITECH1002/5002 Networking Assignment
Semester 2 - 2017
This assignment has three major aims:
1. To help students gain good understanding of all ITECH1002/5002 theoretical and practical
material
2. To encourage students to use summaries to help prepare for invigilated assessments like
theory tests, laboratory tests and examinations.
3. To encourage students to conduct independent investigation into networking related topics.
Engagement with this assignment should help students to prepare for the week 7 lab test, the week 7
theory test and the end of semester examination.
The assignment requires students to summarize the lecture material of topics 1-5 and answer a
series of topic related questions.
The material covered in ITECH1002/5002 is practically based and as such students will benefit
from putting their theoretical knowledge into practice. To this end all students are advised to make
use of the lab computers to experiment with Linux and Windows 8.1.Keen students may also like to
set up VirtualBox with associated virtual images on their own hardware so they have their own
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copy of the operating systems being studied. The Moodle site has instructions to assist students to
set up VirtualBox in a similar way to lab machines.
Submission requirements
All submissions must be a single word or pdf document and must be submitted electronically
viathe associated Moodle Assignment link.
Submission deadline:
This must be submitted to the Moodle by 4:00pm on Thursday of week 6.
See your course description for actual submission dates.
Assessment value:
This assignment is worth 10 marks (10% of ITECH1002/5002 assessment)
Students may bring an unaltered printout of their submission to the week 7 lab test as
reference material for the lab test.
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Topic summary requirements
Each topic summary should meet the following requirements:
Each topic’s summary should beno greater than one (1) A4 sidein length. The aim of this
assignment is to condense the lecture material into a concise form that encapsulates the material
without being too verbose. You could for instance make good use of tables, dot points or
diagrams to summarise important aspects of the lecture material as you feel appropriate.
Students are also required to answer specific questions relating to the topic as outlined in the
assignment specification. There is no page limit for the question answers however more than 2
A4 pages would be considered excessive.
A wealth of information on all topics we cover is available on the Internet. For instance there is a
multitude of Linux tutorials and YouTube videos that cover introductory Linux. Engaging with
such material will have positive effects on your understanding of the course material.
A primary aim of this assignment is to assist you to fully comprehend the lecture material we
cover over the semester, please try to keep that in mind when you are preparing the report.
As with all academic reports the material you submit must be your own work and definitely not
copied and pasted material from the lecture slides, notes pages, the Internet or elsewhere.
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Any material sourced from the Internet or other sources must be referenced using APA
referencing. If you do not source any material from the Internet or other sources then there will
be no need to use referencing in this assignment.
Topics covered
The assignment covers the following areas:
 IP networking
 Number system
 File systems
 Linux
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Topic 1 : Introduction
Topic 1 summary(Maximum length 1 A4 side)
The topic 1 summary should describe the main areas covered in the week 1 lecture, in particular
your summary should cover the following area:
 Virtualization
 Number Systems
 IP Addressing
The summary you produce must be entirely your own work and written using your own sentence
structure. This will ensure your work meets all plagiarism guidelines. Summarizing the ideas
presented in the lecture material into your own language should help you to consolidate deeper
understanding of the material.
Topic 1 questions
T1.1 The VirtualBox Interface has two panes, the Right Hand pane contains a list of the
Virtual Machine’s generic (old) hardware.
Answer
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The two panes will be empty when you first start VirtualBox because there is no virtual
machine. The left pane will show you a list of all the virtual machines that you have
created. Users can work on existing virtual machines or create a new virtual machine by
using the row of buttons above the left pane. The right pane will present the properties of
the virtual machine that currently select.
Question : Describe how this helps solve many driver issues with Guest Operating Systems
running on new hardware.
Answer
When a guest operating system is run in a VirtualBox virtual machine it sees that it is running on a
machine with a number of devices present. This will usually include (simulated) input devices, and
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we are interested in the emulated PS/2 mouse, the emulated USB mouse and graphics tablet and the
Guest Additions pointer device.
 The first of these is the most basic method of mouse input into the guest system and simulates
a traditional pre-USB mouse. It can provide information about mouse movement to the left,
right, up and down (no exact positions), up to five mouse buttons and horizontal and vertical
wheel scrolling. The guest operating system has a standard driver which works with this
device. To see what information Main is sending to this device, run VirtualBox with the
environment variable "VBOX_RELEASE_LOG=+dev_kbd.e.l3.f" set and look in the virtual
machine's log file.
 The second device is the virtual USB mouse. This can provide all the information that the
PS/2 mouse can, and in addition, if the guest operating system understands this, it can
provide the exact position of the mouse pointer. If the guest uses this information then the
position of the mouse pointer in the guest window should always match the position of the
host pointer. If the guest mis-understands this information there is likely to be a systematic
difference between the two positions. Currently there is no way of getting as much
information about information flowing through this device as there is for the PS/2 mouse.
 The third device of interest is the VirtualBox "guest" device which provides a number of
services for integrating applications in a virtual machine with the desktop and services of the
host machine running VirtualBox. We are interested in its "mouse integration" function
which sends the position of the host mouse pointer to the guest. The guest operating system
needs a special driver for the guest device, which usually comes with VirtualBox, to get this
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information. The guest device does not provide information about mouse button clicks - this
is still sent to one of the other devices.
T1.2 Using the Windows Calc program complete the following table.
Number of balls
(Decimal)
Equivalent quantity
(Binary – 8 bit)
Equivalent quantity
(Hexadecimal)
Equivalent quantity
(Octal)
27 11011 1B 33
52 110100 34 64
13 1101 0011 D 15
253 FD 375
167 10100111 0xA7 247
192 11000000 C0 300
255 11111111 fff 377
Note – In the theory test or exam you will be required to complete such conversions by
hand (without the use of a calculator).To test your skills at converting between number
systems by hand, try doing some conversions for some of the lines of equivalent values in the
above table.
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T1.3 Show the workings of how to convert the decimal number 1247 to binary, octal and
hexadecimal by hand.
Answer
Decimal to Binary
124710 = 100110111112
Decimal to octal
124710 = 23378
Decimal to Hexadecimal
124710 = 4DF16
T1.4 Determine the largest 3 digit number of each of the following number systems along
with the decimal equivalent of each three digit number:
 Octal number
Answer
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The highest three digit octal-number (77778) can represent 4095 binary digits.
 Binary number
Answer
999
 Hexadecimal number
Answer
FFF
T1.5 Describe why there are less class A IPv4 networks than class C IPv4 networks, and also
describe why those class C networks have far fewer nodes associated with them than
class A networks.
Topic 2 : Configuring IP in Windows & Linux
Topic 2 summary(Maximum length 1 A4 side)
Complete a summary of the week’s lecture material as per the “Topic summary requirements”.
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Make sure your summary briefly describes the roles of an IP address, subnet mask, default
gateway, DHCP servers and DNS servers.
You should also explain why IPv6 tunnels are required at this point in history and how the two
types of IPv6 tunnels differ. – Note: The answer has nothing to do with the relative numbers of
IP addresses available in IPv4 compared with IPv6.
You should describe the infrastructure and operation of the world’s IPv4 DNS infrastructure
highlighting why it is critical to the operation of the Internet.
Briefly explain the function of Network Address Translation as used in consumer home
networks.
Topic 2 questions
T2.1 It is possible to access remote web sites without using a DNS server, however the
involvement of a DNS server makes the process far simpler for computer users.
Fully explain the role of a DNS server and hence comment on the above statement.
Answer
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Domain Name Service (DNS) is the service used to convert human readable names of hosts to IP
addresses. Host names are not case sensitive and can contain alphabetic or numeric letters or the
hyphen. Avoid the underscore. A domain name consists of the host name plus domain name
 IP Address – A unique 32-bit numerical (decimal) value that makes the computer
identifiable in a network. No two computers can have the same IP address. Example:
192.168.0.10.
 Subnet Mask – An IP address is always accompanied with a corresponding subnet mask
which is again a 32-bit numerical (decimal) value. A subnet mask of a computer makes it a
member of a particular network, and all the PCs in a network must share a common subnet
mask. Example: 255.255.255.0.
 Default Gateway – Another 32-bit numerical (decimal) value that looks identical to IP
address but is different in a way that all the PCs in one network must share a common default
gateway. The default gateway is the IP address of the router that is responsible to allow
computers to connect to other networks – mostly the Internet. Example: 192.168.0.1.
 DNS Server – A DNS server address is also an IP address but of the server that keeps
records of all the other computers in a local area network and the Internet.
DNS Component
1. resolver
2. name server
3. database of resource records(RRs)
DNS servers help to Internet users to use Internet resources without having to remember port
numbers and IP addresses. The similar services, such as different areas of the website, may be hosted
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at different IP addresses for security reasons. This also allows private servers made by home users to
be freely available yet somewhat shielded from having their IP address publicly known. DNS server
allows clients to remember to URL addresses as opposed to complex, nonintuitive lists of IP
addresses and port numbers.
T2.2 Convert the following IPv4 address/subnet mask pairs to their equivalent CIDR
notation.
Also determine the IP network address of each IP addresses listed below:
 255.255.0.0
Answer
/16
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Start IP: 255.255.0.0
End IP: 255.255.255.255
Addresses: 65,536
Class: Class B
Netmask: 255.255.0.0.
Binary: 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
/17
Start IP: 255.255.0.0
End IP: 255.255.127.255
Addresses: 32,768
Class: 128 Class C
Netmask: 255.255.128.0.
Binary: 11111111 11111111 10000000 00000000
/18
Start IP: 255.255.0.0
End IP: 255.255.63.255
Addresses: 16,384
Class: 64 Class C
https://www.ultratools.com/tools/ipWhoisLookupResult?ipAddress=255.255.0.0
https://www.ultratools.com/tools/ipWhoisLookupResult?ipAddress=255.255.255.255
https://www.ultratools.com/tools/ipWhoisLookupResult?ipAddress=255.255.0.0
https://www.ultratools.com/tools/ipWhoisLookupResult?ipAddress=255.255.127.255
https://www.ultratools.com/tools/ipWhoisLookupResult?ipAddress=255.255.0.0
https://www.ultratools.com/tools/ipWhoisLookupResult?ipAddress=255.255.63.255
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Netmask: 255.255.192.0.
Binary: 11111111 11111111 11000000 00000000
/19
Start IP: 255.255.0.0
End IP: 255.255.31.255
Addresses: 8,192
Class: 32 Class C
Netmask: 255.255.224.0. ...