Compare and contrast the typology of internal and external validity and the typology of viable, effectual, and transferable cogency. Why might one want to shift from a validity typology to a cogency...

Compare and contrast the typology of internal and external validity and the typology


of viable, effectual, and transferable cogency. Why might one want to shift from a


validity typology to a cogency typology?

What is the bottom-up approach? How does it differ from the top-down approach?

Which approach—top-down or bottom-up—is more useful for health promotion/

social betterment programs under various conditions? Explain.