Common sense reasoning employs such notions as causality, analogy, and equivalence but uses them in a different way than do formal languages. For example, if we say “Inflation caused Jane to ask for a...

Common sense reasoning employs such notions as causality, analogy, and equivalence but uses them in a different way than do formal languages. For example, if we say “Inflation caused Jane to ask for a raise,” we are suggesting a more complicated causal relationship than that found in simple physical laws. If we say “Use a knife or chisel to trim the wood,” we are suggesting an important notion of equivalence. Discuss the problems of translating these and other such concepts into a formal language.