.Child Development Chapter 15 Outline Therapy 1) Distinguish “psychotherapy” from “psychoanalysis.”...

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.Child Development Chapter 15 Outline Therapy 1) Distinguish “psychotherapy” from “psychoanalysis.” 2) Describe “biomedical therapy.” 3) What does it mean to be “eclectic”? 4) Distinguish “resistance” from “interpretation” and “transferring.” 5) What is the view of “psychodynamic therapy”? 6) Describe “insight therapies.” 7) List the “5 ways humanistic therapies differ from psychodynamic therapies” (pp. 538-539) 8) Describe “client-centered therapy.” 9) Distinguish “genuineness” from “acceptance” and “empathy” (in italics 3rd paragraph, 539). 10) What is “active listening”? 11) Describe “unconditional positive regard.” 12)	 Describe the “3 ways therapists can improve communication” (by listening more actively)? 13) Distinguish “behavior therapy” from “exposure therapy.”  14) Differentiate “counterconditioning” from “aversive conditioning.” 15) Distinguish “systematic desensitization” from “virtual reality exposure therapy.” 16) What is a “token economy”? 17) Distinguish “cognitive therapy” from “cognitive-behavioral therapy” (CBT). 18) Delineate (list and explain) the “3 cognitive therapy techniques” (see Table 15.1) 19) Differentiate “group therapy” from “family therapy.” 20) What are the “4 benefits of group therapy”? 21) Delineate (list and explain) the “6 modern psychotherapies” (problem, aim, technique). 22) Distinguish “meta-analysis” from “evidence-based practice.” 23) Differentiate “light exposure therapy” from “therapeutic alliance.” 24) Delineate (list and explain) the “4 types of therapists” (see Table 15.3). 25) Define “psychopharmacology.” 26) Contrast “anti-psychotic” from “anti-anxiety” and “anti-depressant” drugs. 27) Delineate (list and explain) the “4 types of biomedical therapies” (see Table 15.4). 28) Differentiate “psychosurgery” from a “lobotomy.” 29) Distinguish “resilience” from “posttraumatic growth.” Chapter 1 5   Outline   Therap y  1)   Distinguish  “ psychotherapy ”   from “ ps ychoan al ysis. ”  2)  Desc ri be  “ biomedical therapy. ”  3) W hat does it mean to be “ eclectic”?  4)  D istinguish “resistance” from “interpretation” and “transferring.”  5)  Wh at is the  view of  “ psychodynamic therapy ” ?  6) Describe  “ in sight therapies . ”  7 )   List the “5 ways humanistic therapies differ from psychodynamic therapies ”   ( pp.  538 - 539)  8 )   D e scribe  “ client - centered therapy. ”  9 )  Distinguish  “ genuineness”  fr om  “acceptance” and “empathy ”   ( in  italics   3 rd   paragraph,  539).  10)  What is  “ active listening ” ?  1 1 )  De scribe  “ unconditional positive regard. ”  Chapter 15 Outline  Therapy    1) Distinguish “psychotherapy” from “psychoanalysis.”        2) Describe “biomedical therapy.”      3) What does it mean to be “eclectic”?      4) Distinguish “resistance” from “interpretation” and “transferring.”          5) What is the view of “psychodynamic therapy”?      6) Describe “insight therapies.”      7) List the “5 ways humanistic therapies differ from psychodynamic therapies” (pp. 538-539)              8) Describe “client-centered therapy.”      9) Distinguish “genuineness” from “acceptance” and “empathy” (in italics 3rd paragraph, 539).          10) What is “active listening”?      11) Describe “unconditional positive regard.”          Child Development Chapter 14 Outline Psychological Disorders 1) Define “psychological disorder.” 2) What is the “medical model”? 3) Describe the “biopsychosocial approach to psychological disorders.” 4) What is “epigenetics”? 5) What is the DSM-5? 6) Describe “ADHD.” 7) Delineate (list and explain) the “7 suicide rate differences researchers have found.” 8) What are “3 thinks you can do” if a friend or family member talks about “suicide”? 9) Describe “anxiety disorders.” 10) Contrast the “3 types of anxiety disorders.” 11) Distinguish “agoraphobia” from “specific phobias.” 12)	 Describe “obsessive-compulsive disorder.” 13)	 List the “common obsessions/compulsions” among children, etc., with OCD (Table 14.3) 14) Describe “PTSD.” 15) Differentiate “major depressive disorder” from “bipolar disorder” and “mania.” 16) What is “rumination”? 17) Distinguish “schizophrenia” from a “psychotic disorder.” 18) What are the “3 symptoms of schizophrenia”? 19) Contrast “positive” and “negative” symptoms of schizophrenia. 20) Distinguish “hallucinations” from “delusions.” 21) Differentiate “chronic” and “acute” schizophrenia. 22) Distinguish “dissociative disorders” from “dissociative identity disorder” (DID). 23) Define “personality disorders. 24) Describe the “3 clusters of personality disorders.” 25) Define “antisocial personality disorder.” 26) Differentiate “anorexia” from “bulimia” nervosa. 27) What is a “binge-eating disorder”? Chapter 1 4   Outline   Psychological Disorders  1)  Define “psychological disorder.”  2)   What is the “medical model”?  3)   Describe the “biopsychosocial approach to psychological disorders.”  4)  What is “epigenetics”?  5)  What is the DSM - 5 ?  6 )  Describe  “ ADHD. ”  7) Delineate  (list and  explain )   the  “ 7  suicide  ra te  differences researchers  have fo u nd . ”  8)  Wha t are  “ 3 thinks you can do ”   i f  a friend or f amil y member   talks about  “ suicide ” ?  9)  Describe “anxie ty  disorders.”  10)  Contrast the “3 types of anxiety disorders.”  Chapter 14 Outline  Psychological Disorders    1) Define “psychological disorder.”      2) What is the “medical model”?      3) Describe the “biopsychosocial approach to psychological disorders.”          4) What is “epigenetics”?      5) What is the DSM-5?      6) Describe “ADHD.”      7) Delineate (list and explain) the “7 suicide rate differences researchers have found.”                  8) What are “3 thinks you can do” if a friend or family member talks about “suicide”?          9) Describe “anxiety disorders.”      10) Contrast the “3 types of anxiety disorders.”              General Psychology Chapter 13 Outline: Personality 1) Define “personality.” 2) Delineate (list and explain) the “4 different theories of personality” (in italics). 3) Distinguish “psychodynamic theories” from “psychoanalysis.”   4) Contrast “unconscious,” “conscious,” and “preconscious” (in italics next to Figure 13.2). 5) Describe Freud’s “3 distinct systems” of personality. 6) Distinguish the “pleasure principle” from the “reality principle.” 7) Describe Freud’s “5 psychosexual stages” of personality development (see Table 13.1). 8) Differentiate the “Oedipus complex” from the “Electra complex.” 9) Distinguish “identification” from “fixation” and “repression.” 10) What are “defense mechanisms”? 12) Delineate (list and explain) the “6 defense mechanisms” (see Table 13.2). 13) What did Jung believe about a “collective unconscious”? 14) Contrast “projective tests” from “Thematic Apperception Test” and “Rorschach inkblot test.” 15) List the “6 factors the unconscious involves….” (top of page 470). 16) Distinguish “self-actualization” from “self-transcendence.” 17) Describe the “3 conditions of growth-promoting climate” (according to Carl Rogers). 18) Describe “unconditional positive regard.” 19) What is “self-concept”? 20) Describe “traits.” 21)	 What are “personality inventories”? 22)	 Describe the “MMPI.” 23) What is an “empirically derived test”? 24) Describe the “Big 5 personality factors” (see Table 13.3). 25) Define the “social-cognitive perspective.” 26) What is “reciprocal determinism”? 27)	 Describe the “3 parts of reciprocal determinism” (see 13.6). 28) List the “3 specific ways in which individuals and environments interact.” 29) Describe the “biopsychosociasl approach to personality” (see Figure 13.7). 30) Delineate (list and explain) the “5 major personality theories” (13.4). 31) Distinguish the “self” from the “spotlight effect.” 32) Distinguish “self-esteem” from “self-efficacy” and “self-serving bias.” 33) What is “narcissism”?  34) What are the “4 reasons why people disparage themselves” (2nd paragraph, page 489). 35) Distinguish “defensive self-esteem” from “secure self-esteem.” 36) Differentiate “individualist/individualism” from “collectivist/collectivism.” Chapter 13 Outline :   Personality  1)  Define “personality.”  2)   Delineate (list and explain) the “4 different theories of personality ”   (in  italics ).  3)   Distinguish “psychodynamic theories” from “psychoanalysis.”  4)   Contrast  “unconscious , ”   “conscious , ” and “preconscious ”   ( in  italics   next to Figure 13.2) .  5)   Descr ibe  Freud’s “3 distinct systems” of personality.  6)   Distinguish the “pleasure principle” from the “reality principle.”  7)   Describe   Freud’s “5 psychosexual stages” of personality development   (see Tab l e   13.1) .  8)   Differentiate the “Oedipus complex” from the “Electra complex.”  9)   Distinguish  “ identification ”   from  “ fixation ”   and  “ repression. ”  Chapter 13 Outline:  Personality    1) Define “personality.”      2) Delineate (list and explain) the “4 different theories of personality” (in italics).            3) Distinguish “psychodynamic theories” from “psychoanalysis.”         4) Contrast “unconscious,” “conscious,” and “preconscious” (in italics next to Figure 13.2).          5) Describe Freud’s “3 distinct systems” of personality.          6) Distinguish the “pleasure principle” from the “reality principle.”        7) Describe Freud’s “5 psychosexual stages” of personality development (see Table 13.1).              8) Differentiate the “Oedipus complex” from the “Electra complex.”        9) Distinguish “identification” from “fixation” and “repression.”            General Psychology Chapter 12 Outline: Social Psychology 1) Define “social psychology.” 2) Differentiate “attribution theory” from the fundamental attribution error.” 3) Distinguish “depositional attribution” from “situational attribution.” 4) Define “attitudes.” 5) Differentiate “peripheral route persuasion” from “central route persuasion.” 6) Describe the “3 ways actions affect attitudes.” 7) Distinguish “norms” from “culture.” 8) Differentiate “chameleon effect” from “mood contagions” and “mood linkages.” 9) Define “conformity”? 10) Contrast “normative social influence” from “informational social influence.” 11)	 List the “4 examples of when obedience is highest.” 12)	 Differentiate “social facilitation” from “social loafing.”   13)	 Distinguish “deindividuation” from “group polarization.” 14)	 Describe “groupthink.” 15)	 Define “prejudice.” 16)	 Describe the “3 parts of prejudice.” 17) Differentiate “explicit” from “implicit” prejudice. 18) Delineate (list and explain) the “3 target groups of prejudice” (as listed in your textbook). 19) Define the “just-world phenomenon.” 20)	 Contrast “ingroup” from “outgroup.” 21)	 What is “ingroup

Shreyashi · Accepted Answer

Child Development
Chapter 15 Outline
Therapy
1) Distinguish “psychotherapy” from “psychoanalysis.”
Answer: Psychotherapy is taking help from therapists to improve your mental health while Psychoanalysis is the analysis of unconscious thoughts and memories.
2) Describe “biomedical therapy.”
Answer: The use of medication to treat mental disorders are known as Biomedical therapy.
3) What does it mean to be “eclectic”?
Answer: The use of more than one theoretical approach is known as eclectic.
4) Distinguish “resistance” from “interpretation” and “transferring.”
Answer: Resistance is the patient’s disagreement to deal with a particular topic. While interpretation is where the therapist interprets the clients dreams or feelings for them and transference happens when the patient directs his feeling for one person to another.
5) What is the view of “psychodynamic therapy”?
Answer: Psychodynamic therapy stresses on mental process and emotional process rather than behavior.
6) Describe “insight therapies.”
Answer: The process of making a patient understand, how their feelings are affecting their day-to-day life is known as insight therapies.
7) List the “5 ways humanistic therapies differ from psychodynamic therapies” (pp. 538-539)
Answer: a) Humanistic therapies work more independently while Psychodynamic therapies are more authoritative. 
	b) In humanistic therapy the patient actively solves his issues by speaking about it. While in Psychodynamic therapies the therapist does it for their patients.
	c) Humanistic therapies believe in free will while psychodynamic therapy doesn’t.
	d) Humanistic therapy prefers holistic approach.
	e) Psychodynamic therapy prefers Freud’s approach. 
8) Describe “client-centered therapy.”
Answer: The process of a therapist understanding the world from the view point of their client is known as client-centered therapy.
9) Distinguish “genuineness” from “acceptance” and “empathy” (in italics 3rd paragraph, 539).
Answer: Genuineness is the openness or self-disclosure, while acceptance and empathy are being seen and listened by others.
10) What is “active listening”?
Answer: A pattern of positive listening actively while someone else is speaking is called active listening.
11) Describe “unconditional positive regard.”
Answer: The basic acceptance everyone deserves is known as unconditional positive regard. It is a part of humanistic therapy.
12)	 Describe the “3 ways therapists can improve communication” (by listening more actively)?
Answer: a) Active listening b) questioning stereotypes and c) respectful communication are 3 ways therapists can improve communication.
13) Distinguish “behavior therapy” from “exposure therapy.” 
Answer: Behavior therapy utilizes both behavioral and cognitive techniques to help people learn to manage their emotions. Exposure therapy utilizes behavioral techniques to help people overcome their fears of situations or objects.
14) Differentiate “counterconditioning” from “aversive conditioning.”
Answer: Counterconditioning is the conditioning of a behavior that is very much unwanted. While, adverse conditioning is the use of punishment in order to stop unwanted behavior.
15) Distinguish “systematic desensitization” from “virtual reality exposure therapy.”
Answer: Systematic desensitization is a branch of behavior therapy that depends on classical conditioning. While virtual reality exposure therapy is a kind of therapy that helps people recover from PTSD.
16) What is a “token economy”?
Answer: A reward that helps children to encourage develop good behavior is known as token economy. 
17) Distinguish “cognitive therapy” from “cognitive-behavioral therapy” (CBT).
Answer: Cognitive therapy is a specific form of therapy while CBT is a whole umbrella term that covers a group of therapies.
18) Delineate (list and explain) the “3 cognitive therapy techniques” (see Table 15.1)
Answer: a) Guided discovery: the therapist adjusting themselves to the point of view of the patient is known as guided therapy. 
b) Exposure therapy: Therapy that helps in coping with fears and phobias are known as exposure therapy.
c) Role playing: Roleplaying helps with behavior therapy for difficult situations.
19) Differentiate “group therapy” from “family therapy.”
Answer: “Group therapy is the therapy where a group of people having similar issues come together. Where as family therapy involves family only.”
20) What are the “4 benefits of group therapy”?
Answer: 4 benefits of group therapy are confidence, self-discovery, transitions and accountability.
21) Delineate (list and explain) the “6 modern psychotherapies” (problem, aim, technique).
Answer: 6 modern Psychotherapies are:
Humanistic: Humanistic counseling therapies are person-centered, existential, emotion-focused, Gestalt and positive psychology.
Cognitive: It believes mental disorders take place when a person’s thought process contrasts highly from that of reality.
Behavioral: It believes people engage in questionable behavior when their environment gives them the opportunity to. 
Psychoanalytic: It believe mental problems are caused by the present-day influence.
Constructionist: It believes that knowledge is constructed or invented by the understanding of the world the patient lives in.
Systematic: It believes the deeds and thoughts of a person are influenced by the society they live in.
22) Distinguish “meta-analysis” from “evidence-based practice.”
Answer: Metanalysis consists of multiple scientific studies while evidence based practice is the idea that occupational practices ought to be based on scientific evidence.
23) Differentiate “light exposure therapy” from “therapeutic alliance.”
Answer: Light therapy is an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder while therapeutic alliance is the interaction between the physiotherapist and their patients.
24) Delineate (list and explain) the “4 types of therapists” (see Table 15.3).
Answer: The 4 types of therapists are:
1. Psychodynamic therapist: These therapists deal in client’s history and their influence in the client’s mental health.
2. Cognitive behavioral therapist: CB therapists are very present oriented.
3. Humanistic therapist: They focus of self-acceptance and genuineness.
4. Eclectic therapist: Eclectic therapists blend many different theories according to their need to make it one. 
25) Define “psychopharmacology.”
Answer: The influence of medicines and drugs on the mental health of a person is known as psychopharmacology.
26) Contrast “anti-psychotic” from “anti-anxiety” and “anti-depressant” drugs.
Answer: Antipsychotics are medication primarily used to manage psychosis while antianxiety and antidepressants are medications that treat anxiety and depression only.
27) Delineate (list and explain) the “4 types of biomedical therapies” (see Table 15.4).
Answer: 4 types of Biomedical therapies are:
a.  antipsychotics: These help with mania and disorders.
b. antidepressants: These help with depression, panic attacks, etc.
c. anti-cycling agents: These help with the treatment of bipolar disorder.
d. hypnoanxiolytics: These help with anxiety and anxiety disorders.
28) Differentiate “psychosurgery” from a “lobotomy.”
Answer: Psychosurgery is the neurosurgical treatment of mental disorder whereas Lobotomy is a form of psychosurgery that involves severing connections in the brain.
29) Distinguish “resilience” from “posttraumatic growth.”
Answer: Resilience is the ability to mentally or emotionally cope with a crisis whereas Posttraumatic growth is positive psychological change experienced as a result of challenges.
Chapter 14 Outline
Psychological Disorders
1) Define “psychological disorder.”
Answer: The term psychological disorders refer to mental disorders.
2) What is the “medical model”?
Answer: Medical model is a set of procedure followed by all the doctors while they go through their training.
3) Describe the “biopsychosocial approach to psychological disorders.”
Answer: The approach that involves biological, psychological and social factors while treating psychological disorders is what we know as biopsychosocial approach to psychological disorders.
4) What is “epigenetics”?
Answer: The phenomenon of changing gene activity without changing DNA is known as epigenetics.
5) What is the DSM-5?
Answer: DSM-5 is a manual or guide that helps in the treatment of mental disorders.
6) Describe “ADHD.”
Answer: ADHD is a mental disorder that can cause abnormality in impulses.
7) Delineate (list and explain) the “7 suicide rate differences researchers have found.”
Answer: 1. The suicide rate for men is twice as much as the suicide rate for women at any given time.
2. From the age of 45 to 65 the suicide rate is three-fold in men.
3. Suicide rate is higher in rural areas than in urban areas.
4. Regions with good social welfare programs have lower suicide rates.
5. People with a spouse have lower suicide rate than people who are lonely, divorced or widowed.
6. Suicide of adult males has to do with financial problems, and of females is highly related to psychological problems such as depression.
7. People who are homosexual have increased frequency in suicide attempts.
8) What are “3 thinks you can do” if a friend or family member talks about “suicide”?
Answer: 1. Talk to them about their importance in the family.
2. Listen closely to their sorrows. 
3. Convince them to join therapy.
9) Describe “anxiety disorders.”
Answer: Anxiety disorders are a mental health disorders that involve excessive worry.
10) Contrast the “3 types of anxiety disorders.”
Answer: Generalized anxiety disorders involves anxious feeling and excessive worry. Panic disorders are more likely to happen suddenly and they are accompanied by panic attacks. Lastly, Phobia related disorders have certain trigger points only that cause panic.
11) Distinguish “agoraphobia” from “specific phobias.”
Answer: Agoraphobia is the fear of getting trapped into situation which you cannot escape whereas specific phobias are fear of very specific but unreasonable objects, like water or sand or lifts.
12)	 Describe “obsessive-compulsive disorder.”
Answer: OCD is a mental disorder which makes people fear about things that have nothing to be feared about.
13)	 List the “common obsessions/compulsions” among children, etc., with OCD (Table 14.3)
Answer: 1. Hurting yourself or others. 
2. Too much attention to morals and ideas.
3. Trust issues.
14) Describe “PTSD.”
Answer: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a type of mental disorder that is triggered by remembering or seeing things that caused major trauma to a person.
15) Differentiate “major depressive disorder” from “bipolar disorder” and “mania.

Child Development Chapter 15 Outline Therapy 1) Distinguish “psychotherapy” from “psychoanalysis.” 2) Describe “biomedical therapy.” 3) What does it mean to be “eclectic”? 4) Distinguish “resistance”...

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