Chapter 9
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What was the most common state-administered punishment in 5th century Roman civilization?
a.
Mutilation
b.
Burning at the stake
c.
Banishment (exile)
d.
Flogging
2. What term was adopted in 12th century to refer to a breach of faith with one’s feudal lord?
a.
Lex talionis
b.
Felonia
c.
Sucor disco
d.
Mala prohibitum
3. What was the principle factor that shaped the punishment of criminals in the sixteenth century?
a.
The spread of the black plague and the social hysteria that came with it
b.
The shift from a stable to a wandering nomadic way of life
c.
Sharp increases in the crime rate
d.
The changing labor markets that stemmed from urbanization and colonization
4. Poor laws were developed in England at the end of the ____ century.
a.
9th
b.
11th
c.
14th
d.
16th
5. What was the final fate of convicts transported to North America or Australia once their period of service was completed in the colonies?
a.
They were executed.
b.
They were granted pardons to gain their freedom.
c.
They were returned to Europe to complete a term of imprisonment.
d.
They were never released from servitude.
6. What event ended the transportation of felons to North America?
a.
The American Revolution
b.
The philosophical writings of the Enlightenment
c.
Publication of The Fatal Shore
d.
Passage of the Humanitarian Act in Parliament
7. By punishing an offender severely as an example to others achieves the goal of:
a.
general deterrence.
b.
rehabilitation .
c.
specific deterrence.
d.
incapacitation.
8. Sentencing for the purpose of general deterrence has most to do with:
a.
changing the offender’s future behavior through fear.
b.
modifying the social environment from which the offender came.
c.
affecting the perception of the general public.
d.
determining the proportionality of the sentence.
9. Using mandatory life sentences so criminals cannot hurt other citizens is the core goal of what?
a.
Restitution
b.
Incapacitation
c.
Retribution
d.
General deterrence
10. Which goal of sentencing attempts to convince the criminal through punishment that future crime would not be in their own future best interests?
a.
General deterrence
b.
Retribution
c.
Specific deterrence
d.
Incapacitation