can you make this presentation please
Cyber System Restoration and Disaster Recovery Guidelines: Report Submission RESEARCH/REVIEW PAPER SUBMISSION AND PREESENTATION Term end Submission Report Submission : The objective of this report is to do a critical analysis of a good IEEE/ACM publication in the area of Cyber Security controls and Management. Below is the list of research papers including the authors’ names and the journal/conference details. The papers are also uploaded on the Moodle. You can select any one from them to write summary report and confirm your paper with your instructor before start working in it. Note : Students are encouraged to work on report/presentation slides from the first week of the course. Here are the steps: 1. Chose one of the papers from given list (Page 2). 2. Download the full paper from the Moodle. 3. Study the paper. To enhance your understanding of the paper, you may also read related papers that you can find from the reference section of the paper that you have chosen. 4. Prepare a summary report in your own words (Plagiarism & integrity is the biggest element of the report writing). In the summary report provide the following section. a. Summary of the topic b. Identify the research problem c. Outline the solution proposed d. Present your critique e. References (provide a list of citations – the assigned paper plus any other paper that you have used in your report.) Requirements : • Length of the summary report: 2 typewritten pages, 12-point font size, single line spacing. • References : should be on the 3rd Page. Style IEEE/ACM, Add citations inline in the text. Presentation : You are expected to present your topic in front of your class during last week of this course using power point slides. The presentation deck contains maximum 8-10 slides. You have given 5-7 minutes to present your topic. After that, there will be a quick Q&A round of 2 minutes. Cyber System Restoration and Disaster Recovery Guidelines: Report Submission List of papers: 1. A Review of Smart Grid Restoration to Enhance Cyber-Physical System Resilience 2. The Need for Disaster Recovery and Incident Response: Understanding Disaster Reco Understanding Disaster Recovery for Natural Disasters V al Disasters Versus Cyber-Attacks 3. Cyber-Physical System Security and Impact Analysis 4. Disaster Recovery as a Service - Disaster Recovery Plan in the Cloud for SMEs 5. Level of Readiness in IT Disaster Recovery Plan 6. Are the Classical Disaster Recovery Tiers Still Applicable Today? 7. Disaster recovery planning Course: Cyber Security Controls and Management Document: Presentation & Report grading template Presentation Formatting Fonts or colours inconsistent in more than 3 slides. Fonts or colours inconsistent in 2 or less slides. Mostly consistent fonts & colours. Consistent fonts & colours. Content Too large/short and/or text hard to read. Too large/short but text easy to read. At least 5 slides other than title but text hard to read. At least 5 slides other than title with readable text. Timing Presentation had to be cut abruptly. Presentation ended before/after the assigned time at the instructor’s request. Presentation ended before/after +/- 30 seconds the assigned time. Presentation ended within the assigned time. Speech Speech not fluent and inadequate volume and/or intonation. Speech not fluent but adequate volume and intonation. Fluent speech but inadequate volume and/or intonation. Fluent speech with adequate volume and intonation. Report Structure More than one section missing or not clearly identified. One section might be missing or not clearly identified. All sections are present but the report is too short/long. All sections are present and in the right page and the report’s length matches the requirements. Formatting Fonts and/or spacing not adequate or consistent. Consistent font and spacing but not matching the requirements. Adequate font and spacing but not consistent along the document. Adequate and consistent font and spacing matching the requirements. Writing style Most of the writing contains grammar errors or typos or not formal language. Some of the writing might contain grammar errors or typos or not formal language. Writing exempt of grammar errors or typos but containing not formal language. Formal writing exempt of grammar errors or typos. References Content not referenced and/or using content from external sources not properly cited. Some references not referenced from the text as notes in the end or just missing. References not in the 3rd page, yet still referenced from the text as notes in the same page (footnote). References in the 3rd page and referenced from the text as notes in the end. Content Disconnected from the chosen paper or unrelated information. Incomplete or sometimes out of context. Mostly relates to the chosen paper. Completely relates to the chosen paper. A Review of Smart Grid Restoration to Enhance Cyber-Physical System Resilience 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Asia A Review of Smart Grid Restoration to Enhance Cyber-Physical System Resilience Hamed Haggi, Reza Roofegari nejad, Meng Song, and Wei Sun Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL USA
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[email protected] Abstract—The growth in electricity demand and the develop ment of grid modernization have increased the complexity of power grid and driven the grid more vulnerable to extreme events like environmental disasters or man-made attacks. Those disruptions can cause outages, cascading failures, and blackouts. The objectives of this paper are to 1) review the recent devel opment addressing the aforementioned challenges with the focus on the impact of extreme events on power system resilience, and 2) discuss the application of smart grid technologies to provide faster restoration techniques and enhance power system resilience. Moreover, challenges and opportunities for future work to enhance smart grid resilience have also been discussed in this paper. The ultimate goal is to present a summary of state- of-the-art and stimulate interests in the area of cyber-physical- human resilience of smart grid. Index Terms— Critical infrastructure interdependence, Cyber Physical-Human system resilience, Environmental disasters, Man-made attacks, Smart grid restoration. I . I n t r o d u c t io n Electrical power system is one of critical infrastructures to supply electricity for other infrastructures, such as wa ter, communications, transportation, information technology, etc. The ever-increasing electricity demand, interdependence among critical infrastructures, and integration of intelligent devices have driven power grids more complex and vulnerable to extreme events. The increasing number of high-impact-low- probability (HILP) events, including cyber-physical-human (CPH) threats and environmental disasters, can pose direct threats to the operation of critical infrastructures and cause cascading failures or large-scale blackouts. How to address challenges from HILP events and develop strategies to increase the CPH system resilience from the restoration perspective have been of great importance [1]. In smart grid, the capability of self-healing is highly desirable for system operators to utilize fast and reliable restoration strategies to re-start the generating units, pickup customers load and finally restore the system to its normal condition after outages or blackouts. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to summarize the recent efforts addressing the aforementioned challenges and discuss the future direction of enhancing the CPH resilience of smart grids. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: section Π summarizes the classification of HILP events, and the general definition of system resilience is presented in section III. Section IV discusses the interdependence of CPH systems. Technical methods to enhance the CPH resilience of smart grid and the future work are presented in sections V and VI, respectively. Finally, section VII concludes the paper. II. C l a s s if ic a t io n o f HILP E v e n t s In this paper, the HILP events are divided into two cate gories: environmental disasters, and man-made attacks. A. Environmental Disasters It is an inevitable issue that power infrastructures are vulnerable to environmental disasters, such as hurricanes, geomagnetic disturbance, wildfires, floods, etc. These disasters directly affect power systems operation, which can lead to N-k contingencies and consequently large-scale blackouts. Tremendous efforts have been dedicated to prevent power grid from outages and blackouts, and improve the system resilience from both economic and social perspectives. 1 ) Hurricane and Extreme Wind: The most common nat ural disasters are hurricanes and extreme winds. High-speed winds and rainfalls from hurricanes saturate the ground, and the soil become loosen and make trees fall down on dis tribution overhead lines. For example, Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and Hurricane Sandy in 2012 caused blackouts due to this issue. In 2018, Hurricane Florence caused 17% of North Carolina and 6.6% of South Carolina consumers to lose electricity, and Hurricane Michael caused 9% of North Carolina, 6.45% of Georgia and 4% of Florida residents to experience power outages for more than a week [2]. 2) Wildfire: Considering the global wanning phenomenon, wildfires are another threat to power system, due to the soaring surface temperature of the overhead conductors. Fig. 1 shows a historical trend of wildfire and burned areas in U.S. [3]. Historical Trend in U.S. Wildfire Frequency and Area (1982-2017) Number of ITrea О Number of Acres Burned Fig. 1. The trend of wildfire in U.S. (1982-2017). 978-1-7281-3520-5/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE 4008 Authorized licensed use limited to: Dalhousie University. Downloaded on May 14,2022 at 12:48:24 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. For example, the California wildfire in 2015 damaged the world largest geothermal infrastructure, the Geysers by Calpine Corporation. Several research efforts have been con ducted to build a comprehensive model for wildfire resilience. Choobineh el al. in [4] proposed a framework for modeling the impact of wildfire progress on line ratings, which can be used in the generation dispatch. In [5], a stochastic programming model was developed to increase the wildfire resilience index. This model includes the dynamic line rating of overhead lines for modeling the impact of fire on conductor temperature, by considering solar radiation and wind direction and velocity. 3) Geomagnetic Disturbance: Geomagnetic disturbances (GMD), caused by solar flares and coronal mass ejections, have the capability to alter the earth’s surface magnetic fields and consequently produce geo-electric fields. This can pro duce geomagnetic induced currents (GICs) that pass through grounded transformers or transmission lines. These currents can create DC flux in transformers’ core, shift the operating point, disrupt the normal operation, and lead to half-cycle saturation, which results in the reactive loss increase and subsequently voltage collapse [6], [7]. One of the most severe GMDs that occurred in Quebec in 1989, caused a shutdown of 6 million electricity consumers and the net damage cost of $13.2 million [8]. Another GMD that happened in northern Europe and Sweden in 2003 lead to the electricity loss of approximate 50,000 customers for about an hour [9]. Research work have been conducted on this topic. Rezaei- Zare et al. in [10] proposed a general optimization framework for reducing the GMD impacts on power system by locating GIC blocking devices and considering transformers hot-spot heating, equipment thermal limits, and operational constraints. Transformer protection scheme was developed in [11] for min imizing the GIC effects on power systems. A linear sensitivity analysis considering both AC power flow and GIC flow was modeled to find the best line switching in order to minimize the number of opened lines and improve the resilience by satisfying the thermal limits of transformers. 4) Drought: Considering the low rainfalls and rising tem perature, drought could be another threat for power system resilience. Drought decreases the availability of cooling water for power plants and leads to plant de-rating due to low water levels, low flow rate, or high water temperature. Texas drought in 2011 was a recent example that reduces the available cooling water by 30% [12]. 5) Ice Storm and Extreme Cold: Ice storm and extreme cold temperature can cause cascading failures for both electrical and natural gas systems. Under these weather conditions, the demand for natural gas increases and puts stress on natural gas pipelines. For example, in the winter storm hit New Mexico in 2011, frozen lines caused many